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C# 表达式目录树Expression的实现

2021-09-26 12:46:48 作者：如果我来了6

本文主要介绍了C# 表达式目录树Expression的实现，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下

表达式目录树

表达式目录树：语法树，或者说是一种数据结构
1.表达式目录树Expression：System.Linq.Expressions;
2.描述了多个变量或者和常量之间的关系，按照一定的规则进行组装！

可以向委托一样使用lambd表达式快捷声明；
不能有语句体，声明只能有一行代码；
可以通过Compile()，编译成一个委托；

Func<int, int, int> func = (m, n) =>
{
    int i = 0;
    return m * n + 2;
};  //委托  拉姆达表达式其实是作为委托的一个参数,本质是一个方法（匿名方法）
Expression<Func<int, int, int>> exp = (m, n) => m * n + 2; //数据结构--就像对一个计算做了一个精确的描述，展开之后发现，分为左边，右边，每个元素都可以把值都获取出来，二叉树
var erpPlu= exp.Compile();//表达式目录树可以通过compile 转换成一个委托

//表达式目录树：语法树，或者说是一种数据结构
int iResult1 = func.Invoke(12, 23);
int iResult2 = exp.Compile().Invoke(12, 23);

在这里插入图片描述

表达式目录树的拼装

手动拼装表达式目录树，不是用的lambda的快捷方式

//表达式目录树的拼装
Expression<Func<int>> expression = () => 123 + 234;  //两个常量相加-----表达式目录树的快捷声明

Expression constant123 = Expression.Constant(123);
Expression constant234 = Expression.Constant(234);
Expression expressionAdd = Expression.Add(constant123, constant234);
var exp = Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(expressionAdd);
var func = exp.Compile();
int iResult = func.Invoke();

Expression<Func<int, int, int>> exp = (m, n) => m * n + m + n + 2; //快捷声明--其实编译器提供的便捷功能---语法糖--具体实现可通过反编译工具查看

//具体实现可通过反编译工具查看
ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "m");
ParameterExpression parameterExpression2 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "n");
Expression expContant2 = Expression.Constant(2, typeof(int));

Expression multipley = Expression.Multiply(parameterExpression, parameterExpression2);
Expression expAdd = Expression.Add(multipley, parameterExpression);

Expression expAdd1 = Expression.Add(expAdd, parameterExpression2);
Expression expAdd2 = Expression.Add(expAdd1, expContant2);
Expression<Func<int, int, int>> expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<int, int, int>>(expAdd2, new ParameterExpression[]
{
parameterExpression,
parameterExpression2
});
Func<int, int, int> fun = expression.Compile();
int iResult = fun.Invoke(10, 11);

var peopleQuery = new List<People>().AsQueryable();
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Id.ToString().Equals("5");
peopleQuery.Where(lambda);

ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(People), "x");
FieldInfo idfield = typeof(People).GetField("Id");
var idExp = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, idfield);

MethodInfo toString = typeof(int).GetMethod("ToString", new Type[0]);
var toStringExp = Expression.Call(idExp, toString, Array.Empty<Expression>()); 
var Equals = typeof(string).GetMethod("Equals", new Type[] { typeof(string) });
Expression expressionConstant5 = Expression.Constant("5", typeof(string));
var equalsExp = Expression.Call(toStringExp, Equals, new Expression[]
 {
    expressionConstant5
 });
Expression<Func<People, bool>> expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<People, bool>>(equalsExp, new ParameterExpression[]
{
 parameterExpression
});
Func<People, bool> func = expression.Compile();
var bResult = func.Invoke(new People()
{
    Id = 5,
    Name = "海贝"
});

new List<People>().AsQueryable().Where(expression);

应用

Linq to SQL

var dbSet = new List<People>().AsQueryable();//EF DbSet 
dbSet.Where(p => p.Age == 25 & p.Name.Contains("阳光下的微笑"));

Expression<Func<People, bool>> exp = null;
Console.WriteLine("用户输入个名称，为空就跳过");
string name = Console.ReadLine();
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
{
    exp = p => p.Name.Contains(name);
}
Console.WriteLine("用户输入个最小年纪，为空就跳过");
string age = Console.ReadLine();
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(age) && int.TryParse(age, out int iAge))
{
    exp = p => p.Age > iAge;
}

上面的玩法是不是只有最后一个条件才生效？如果需要多个条件都满足；怎么办？当然是拼装啊；
拼装可以从最小粒度来组装表达式目录树；如果有一个封装，你把各种条件给我，我从最小粒度开始一个一个的拼装起来，不就是一个长的表达式目录树了吗？

解决方案：
调用方可以组装一个很长的表达式目录树传递过来；
表达式目录树传递过来以后，在这里应该做什么？应该解析；
所有信息都在表达式目录树里面，自然也可以把他解析（找出来）
解析就可以通过ExpressionVisitor解析----生成对应的Sql语句；

ExpressionVisitor

表达式目录树的访问者----访问者模式；
1.Visit方法–访问表达式目录树的入口—分辨是什么类型的表达式目录
2.调度到更加专业的方法中进一步访问,访问一遍之后，生成一个新的表达式目录 —有点像递归，不全是递归；
3.因为表达式目录树是个二叉树，ExpressionVisitor一直往下访问，一直到叶节点；那就访问了所有的节点；
4.在访问的任何一个环节，都可以拿到对应当前环节的内容(参数名称、参数值。。)，就可以进一步扩展；

为什么要使用表达式目录树来拼装解析呢：
1.可以提高重用性；
2.如果封装好一个方法，接受一个表达式目录树，在解析的时候，其实就是不断的访问，访问有规则；
3.任何一个表达式目录树都可以调用当前方法来解析；
4.表达式目录树可以支持泛型；

            {
                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Id > 5
                                                         && x.Name.StartsWith("1") //  like '1%'
                                                         && x.Name.EndsWith("1") //  like '%1'
                                                         && x.Name.Contains("1");//  like '%1%'

                //string sql = string.Format("Delete From [{0}] WHERE [Age]>5 AND [ID] >5"
                    , typeof(People).Name
                    , " [Age]>5 AND [ID] >5" ); 

                ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor();
                vistor.Visit(lambda);
                Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition());
            }
            { 
               // ((( [Age] > '5') AND( [Name] =  [name] )) OR( [Id] > '5' )) 
               string name = "AAA"; 
                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Name == name || x.Id > 5;
                ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor();
                vistor.Visit(lambda);
                Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition());
            }
            {
                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 || (x.Name == "A" && x.Id > 5);
                ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor();
                vistor.Visit(lambda);
                Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition());
            }
            {
                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => (x.Age > 5 || x.Name == "A") && x.Id > 5;
                ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor();
                vistor.Visit(lambda);
                Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition());
            }

自己封装的解析器，这就是EF6的底层原理，根据表达式树自动生成相应的sql语句。

    public class ConditionBuilderVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
    {
        private Stack<string> _StringStack = new Stack<string>();

        public string Condition()
        {
            string condition = string.Concat(this._StringStack.ToArray());
            this._StringStack.Clear();
            return condition;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 如果是二元表达式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="node"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected override Expression VisitBinary(BinaryExpression node)
        {
            if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("BinaryExpression");

            this._StringStack.Push(")");
            base.Visit(node.Right);//解析右边
            this._StringStack.Push(" " + node.NodeType.ToSqlOperator() + " ");
            base.Visit(node.Left);//解析左边
            this._StringStack.Push("(");

            return node;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 解析属性
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="node"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node)
        {
            if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("MemberExpression");
            //this._StringStack.Push(" [" + node.Member.Name + "] ");
            return node; 
            if (node.Expression is ConstantExpression)
            {
                var value1 = this.InvokeValue(node);
                var value2 = this.ReflectionValue(node);
                //this.ConditionStack.Push($"'{value1}'");
                this._StringStack.Push("'" + value2 + "'");
            }
            else
            {
                this._StringStack.Push(" [" + node.Member.Name + "] ");
            }
            return node;
        }


        private object InvokeValue(MemberExpression member)
        {
            var objExp = Expression.Convert(member, typeof(object));//struct需要
            return Expression.Lambda<Func<object>>(objExp).Compile().Invoke();
        }

        private object ReflectionValue(MemberExpression member)
        {
            var obj = (member.Expression as ConstantExpression).Value;
            return (member.Member as FieldInfo).GetValue(obj);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 常量表达式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="node"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected override Expression VisitConstant(ConstantExpression node)
        {
            if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("ConstantExpression");
            this._StringStack.Push(" '" + node.Value + "' ");
            return node;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 方法表达式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression m)
        {
            if (m == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("MethodCallExpression");

            string format;
            switch (m.Method.Name)
            {
                case "StartsWith":
                    format = "({0} LIKE {1}+'%')";
                    break;

                case "Contains":
                    format = "({0} LIKE '%'+{1}+'%')";
                    break;

                case "EndsWith":
                    format = "({0} LIKE '%'+{1})";
                    break;

                default:
                    throw new NotSupportedException(m.NodeType + " is not supported!");
            }
            this.Visit(m.Object);
            this.Visit(m.Arguments[0]);
            string right = this._StringStack.Pop();
            string left = this._StringStack.Pop();
            this._StringStack.Push(String.Format(format, left, right));

            return m;
        }
    }

    internal static class SqlOperator
    {
        internal static string ToSqlOperator(this ExpressionType type)
        {
            switch (type)
            {
                case (ExpressionType.AndAlso):
                case (ExpressionType.And):
                    return "AND";
                case (ExpressionType.OrElse):
                case (ExpressionType.Or):
                    return "OR";
                case (ExpressionType.Not):
                    return "NOT";
                case (ExpressionType.NotEqual):
                    return "<>";
                case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
                    return ">";
                case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
                    return ">=";
                case ExpressionType.LessThan:
                    return "<";
                case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
                    return "<=";
                case (ExpressionType.Equal):
                    return "=";
                default:
                    throw new Exception("不支持该方法");
            }

        }
    }

表达式目录扩展

表达式目录树动态拼接的实现方式：

    /// <summary>
    /// 合并表达式 And Or  Not扩展
    /// </summary>
    public static class ExpressionExtend
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 合并表达式 expr1 AND expr2
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="expr1"></param>
        /// <param name="expr2"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> And<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr1, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr2)
        {
            //return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(Expression.AndAlso(expr1.Body, expr2.Body), expr1.Parameters); 错误的写法，两个表达式不是同一个参数
			//将两个表达式的参数统一为参数c
            ParameterExpression newParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "c");
            NewExpressionVisitor visitor = new NewExpressionVisitor(newParameter);
            var left = visitor.Replace(expr1.Body);
            var right = visitor.Replace(expr2.Body); //为了能够生成一个新的表达式目录树
            var body = Expression.And(left, right);
             return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, newParameter);

        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 合并表达式 expr1 or expr2
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="expr1"></param>
        /// <param name="expr2"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> Or<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr1, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr2)
        {

            ParameterExpression newParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "c");
            NewExpressionVisitor visitor = new NewExpressionVisitor(newParameter);

            var left = visitor.Replace(expr1.Body);
            var right = visitor.Replace(expr2.Body);
            var body = Expression.Or(left, right);
            return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, newParameter);
        }
        public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> Not<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr)
        {
            var candidateExpr = expr.Parameters[0];
            var body = Expression.Not(expr.Body);

            return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, candidateExpr);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 建立新表达式
    /// </summary>
    internal class NewExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
    {
        public ParameterExpression _NewParameter { get; private set; }
        public NewExpressionVisitor(ParameterExpression param)
        {
            this._NewParameter = param;
        }
        public Expression Replace(Expression exp)
        {
            return this.Visit(exp);
        }
        protected override Expression VisitParameter(ParameterExpression node)
        {
            return this._NewParameter;
        }
    }

调用方如下：

            {
                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda1 = x => x.Age > 5;  
                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda2 = x => x.Id > 5;

                //Expression<Func<People, bool>> newExpress = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Id > 5;

                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda3 = lambda1.And(lambda2); //且
                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda4 = lambda1.Or(lambda2);//或
                Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda5 = lambda1.Not();//非
                Do1(lambda3);
                Do1(lambda4);
                Do1(lambda5);
            }
        
        private static void Do1(Expression<Func<People, bool>> func)
        {
            List<People> people = new List<People>()
            {
                new People(){Id=4,Name="123",Age=4},
                new People(){Id=5,Name="234",Age=5},
                new People(){Id=6,Name="345",Age=6},
            };

            List<People> peopleList = people.Where(func.Compile()).ToList();
        }

对象深拷贝

硬编码

 PeopleCopy peopleCopy = new PeopleCopy()
 {
     Id = people.Id,
     Name = people.Name,
     Age = people.Age
 };

通过反射实现

    public class ReflectionMapper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 反射
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="tIn"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn)
        {
            TOut tOut = Activator.CreateInstance<TOut>();
            foreach (var itemOut in tOut.GetType().GetProperties())
            {
                var propIn = tIn.GetType().GetProperty(itemOut.Name);
                itemOut.SetValue(tOut, propIn.GetValue(tIn)); 
            }

            foreach (var itemOut in tOut.GetType().GetFields())
            {
                var fieldIn = tIn.GetType().GetField(itemOut.Name);
                itemOut.SetValue(tOut, fieldIn.GetValue(tIn)); 
            }
            return tOut;
        }
    }

通过序列化实现

    /// <summary>
    /// 使用第三方序列化反序列化工具
    /// 还有automapper
    /// </summary>
    public class SerializeMapper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 序列化反序列化方式
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam>
        public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn)
        {
            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<TOut>(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(tIn));
        }
    }

反射和序列化两种实现方式性能不太好；

通过表达式目录树实现

通过表达式目录树动态的生成硬编码

Func<People, PeopleCopy> func = p => new PeopleCopy()
{
    Id = p.Id,
    Name = p.Name,
    Age = p.Age
};
PeopleCopy peopleCopy3 = func.Invoke(people);

方法一：普通缓存

    /// <summary>
    /// 生成表达式目录树 缓存
    /// </summary>
    public class ExpressionMapper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 字典缓存--hash分布
        /// </summary>
        private static Dictionary<string, object> _Dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();

        /// <summary>
        /// 字典缓存表达式树
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="tIn"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn)
        {
            string key = string.Format("funckey_{0}_{1}", typeof(TIn).FullName, typeof(TOut).FullName);
            if (!_Dic.ContainsKey(key))
            {
                ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TIn), "p");
                List<MemberBinding> memberBindingList = new List<MemberBinding>();
                foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetProperties())
                {
                    MemberExpression property = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetProperty(item.Name));
                    MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property);
                    memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding);
                }
                foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetFields())
                {
                    MemberExpression property = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetField(item.Name));
                    MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property);
                    memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding);
                }
                MemberInitExpression memberInitExpression = Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(TOut)), memberBindingList.ToArray());
                Expression<Func<TIn, TOut>> lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TIn, TOut>>(memberInitExpression, new ParameterExpression[]
                {
                    parameterExpression
                });
                Func<TIn, TOut> func = lambda.Compile();//拼装是一次性的
                _Dic[key] = func;
            }
            return ((Func<TIn, TOut>)_Dic[key]).Invoke(tIn);
        }
    }

方法二：泛型缓存，性能较高

    /// <summary>
    /// 生成表达式目录树  泛型缓存
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam>
    public class ExpressionGenericMapper<TIn, TOut>//Mapper`2
    {
        private static Func<TIn, TOut> _FUNC = null;
        static ExpressionGenericMapper()
        {
            ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TIn), "p");
            List<MemberBinding> memberBindingList = new List<MemberBinding>();
            foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetProperties())
            {
                MemberExpression property = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetProperty(item.Name));
                MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property);
                memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding);
            }
            foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetFields())
            {
                MemberExpression property = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetField(item.Name));
                MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property);
                memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding);
            }
            MemberInitExpression memberInitExpression = Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(TOut)), memberBindingList.ToArray());
            Expression<Func<TIn, TOut>> lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TIn, TOut>>(memberInitExpression, new ParameterExpression[]
            {
                    parameterExpression
            });
            _FUNC = lambda.Compile();//拼装是一次性的
        }
        public static TOut Trans(TIn t)
        {
            return _FUNC(t);
        }
    }

到此这篇关于C# 表达式目录树Expression的实现的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关C# 表达式目录树Expression内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！