MySQL修改默认引擎和字符集详情
作者：markLogZhu
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一、数据库引擎
1.1 查看数据库引擎
mysql> show engines; +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ | Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints | +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ | InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES | | MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO | | MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO | | BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO | | MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO | | FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL | +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到默认引擎是 InnoDB。
1.2 修改默认数据库引擎
1.打开配置文件
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
2.在最下面编辑如下内容：
default-storage-engine=InnoDB
3.重启服务
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
二、数据库字符集
2.1 查看字符集
查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集
mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
| 字符集 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| character_set_client | 用来设置客户端使用的字符集。 |
| character_set_connection | 用来设置连接数据库时的字符集 |
| character_set_database | 用来设置默认创建数据库的编码格式 |
| character_set_filesystem | 文件系统的编码格式，把操作系统上的文件名转化成此字符集，默认binary是不做任何转换的 |
| character_set_results | 查询结果字符集 |
| character_set_server | 服务器安装时指定的默认编码格式 |
| character_set_system | 系统元数据(字段名等)字符集 |
| character_sets_dir | 字符集安装的目录 |
查看 MYSQL 所支持的字符集
show charset;
查看库的字符集
show database status from 库名 like 表名;
查看表的字符集
show table status from 库名 like 表名;
查看表中所有列的字符集
show full columns from 表名;
2.2 修改字符集
1.打开配置文件
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
2.在最下面编辑如下内容：
character-set-server=utf8 [client] default-character-set=utf8
3.重启服务并验证
[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.27 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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