Java注解方式之防止重复请求
作者:grace.free
自定义注解方式防止前端同一时间多次重复提交
一、 前情提要
有这样一个业务,上课的时候老师给表现好的学生送小花花,
每节课都能统计出某个学生收到的花的总数。
按照产品需求,前端点击送花按钮后30秒内是不能再次送花的(信任的基础)
(上课老师送花行为都进行统计了,可见互联网是多么可怕)
二、技术设计
2.1 库表设计
CREATE TABLE `t_student_flower` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键(自增)', `classroom_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '每堂课的唯一标识', `student_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生唯一标识', `flower_num` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '学生收到的花数量', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2.2 业务逻辑
业务逻辑很简单,针对某一堂课的某一个学生,老师第一次送花就新增一条记录,之后老师给这个学生送花就在原有的记录基础上增加送花数量即可。
如果前端能保证一堂课,一个学生,30秒内只能送一次花,这样设计能99.9999%的保证业务没问题
2.3 代码编写
至于创建SpringBoot项目,连接Mybatis 准备在Mybatis篇章写,这里主要点不是这些。
重要是业务逻辑
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.5.4</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>student_flower</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>student_flower</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--web--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--mybatis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <!--mysql驱动--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!--lombok 一款还不错的副主编程工具--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.18</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!--测试使用--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.yml
server: # 服务端口配置 port: 8888 spring: # 数据源配置 datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false username: root password: 123456 mybatis: # mapper扫描路径 mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml # 实体类别名映射包路径 type-aliases-package: com.example.student_flower.entity configuration: # 开启驼峰命名 map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
StudentFlowerController
package com.example.student_flower.controller; import com.example.student_flower.service.StudentFlowerService; import com.sun.istack.internal.NotNull; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 * 一个生活在互联网底层,做着增删改查的码农,不谙世事的造作 * @create 2021-09-11 10:35 */ @RestController public class StudentFlowerController { @Autowired StudentFlowerService studentFlowerService; /** * * @param classroomId 教师ID * @param studentId 学生ID */ @GetMapping(value = "/test/sendflower/{classroomId}/{studentId}") public void sendFlower(@NotNull @PathVariable("classroomId") Long classroomId , @NotNull @PathVariable("studentId") Long studentId){ studentFlowerService.SendFlower(classroomId,studentId); } }
StudentFlowerService
package com.example.student_flower.service; import com.example.student_flower.dao.TStudentFlowerMapper; import com.example.student_flower.entity.TStudentFlower; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 * 一个生活在互联网底层,做着增删改查的码农,不谙世事的造作 * @create 2021-09-11 10:38 */ @Service public class StudentFlowerService { @Autowired TStudentFlowerMapper mapper; public void SendFlower(Long classroomId, Long studentId){ TStudentFlower tStudentFlower = mapper.selectByClassroomIdAndStudentId(classroomId, studentId); // 第一次送花 没有记录 新增 if (tStudentFlower == null) { TStudentFlower tsf = new TStudentFlower(); tsf.setClassroomId(classroomId); tsf.setStudentId(studentId); tsf.setFlowerNum(1); mapper.insert(tsf); } else { // 已经送过花了 原来数量上+1 tStudentFlower.setFlowerNum(tStudentFlower.getFlowerNum() + 1); mapper.update(tStudentFlower); } } }
TStudentFlowerMapper
package com.example.student_flower.dao; import com.example.student_flower.entity.TStudentFlower; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 * 一个生活在互联网底层,做着增删改查的码农,不谙世事的造作 * @create 2021-09-11 10:14 */ @Mapper public interface TStudentFlowerMapper { // 插入 void insert(TStudentFlower tStudentFlower); // 更新 void update(TStudentFlower tStudentFlower); // 查询 TStudentFlower selectByClassroomIdAndStudentId( @Param("classroomId") Long classroomId, @Param("studentId") Long studentId); }
TStudentFlowerMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace="com.example.student_flower.dao.TStudentFlowerMapper"> <!--新增--> <insert id="insert" parameterType="TStudentFlower"> INSERT INTO t_student_flower (classroom_id,student_id,flower_num) VALUES (#{classroomId},#{studentId},#{flowerNum}) </insert> <!--更新--> <update id="update" parameterType="TStudentFlower"> UPDATE t_student_flower SET flower_num = #{flowerNum} WHERE id=#{id}; </update> <select id="selectByClassroomIdAndStudentId" resultType="TStudentFlower"> select * from t_student_flower where classroom_id = #{classroomId} and student_id = #{studentId} </select> </mapper>
2.4 测试
浏览器直接访问:
http://127.0.0.1:8888/test/sendflower/1/1
就会给classroomId = 1 ,studentId = 1 的学生送一朵花
2.5 问题所在
一切看似没有问题,因为请求频率还没有达到可以出错的速度。
我们写一个测试用了来模拟前端不可信任的时候(由于某种原因他们送花事件绑定了多次没有解绑,也就是同一时间发送多次送花请求)
package com.example.student_flower; import com.example.student_flower.service.StudentFlowerService; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @SpringBootTest class StudentFlowerApplicationTests { @Autowired StudentFlowerService service; @Test void sendFlower() throws InterruptedException { final Long classroomId = 2L; final Long studengId = 102L; Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> { service.SendFlower(classroomId, studengId); System.out.println("thread1执行完了"); }); Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> { service.SendFlower(classroomId, studengId); System.out.println("thread2执行完了"); }); Thread thread3 = new Thread(() -> { service.SendFlower(classroomId, studengId); System.out.println("thread3执行完了"); }); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); thread3.start(); // 睡会儿 等三个线程跑完 很low? 做测试凑活用吧 Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(20)); } }
执行完看一下数据库结果:
这肯定是有问题的 多三条要出问题的,要扣钱绩效的
三、解决方案
解决方案有很多,我今天介绍一种自定义注解的方式(其实就是用了分布redis锁)
方案看似很简单:
自定义注解MyAnotation
package com.example.student_flower.common.anotation; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 分享一个生活在互联网底层做着增删改查的码农的感悟与学习 * * 关于自定义注解 后边有机会专门写一写 先会用 * @create 2021-09-11 15:26 */ @Target({ElementType.METHOD}) // 方法上使用的注解 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 运行时通过反射访问 public @interface MyAnotation { /** * 获取锁时默认等待多久 */ int waitTime() default 3; /** * 锁过期时间 */ int expireTime() default 20; /** * 锁key值 */ String redisKey() default ""; /** * 锁key后拼接的动态参数的值 */ String[] params() default {}; }
自定义切面处理逻辑,进行放重复提交校验MyAspect
package com.example.student_flower.common.aspect; import com.example.student_flower.common.anotation.MyAnotation; import com.example.student_flower.util.HttpContextUtils; import com.example.student_flower.util.SpelUtil; import io.micrometer.core.instrument.util.StringUtils; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature; import org.redisson.api.RLock; import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 * 一个生活在互联网底层,做着增删改查的码农,不谙世事的造作 * * 关于spring面向切面的知识 等以后文章有机会我写一写(自己也不太熟 暂时会用) * * @create 2021-09-11 15:29 */ @Slf4j @Aspect @Component public class MyAspect { @Autowired RedissonClient redissonClient; // 这个是那些方法需要被切 -- 被标记注解MyAnotation的方法要被切 @Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.student_flower.common.anotation.MyAnotation)") public void whichMethodAspect() { } /** * 切面 执行业务逻辑 在实际业务方法执行前 后 都可以进行一些额外的操作 * 切面的好处就是对你不知不觉 */ @Around("whichMethodAspect()") public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { // 1. 获取注解 MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature(); Method method = signature.getMethod(); MyAnotation myAnotation = method.getAnnotation(MyAnotation.class); // 2. 锁等待时间 int waitTime = myAnotation.waitTime(); // 2. 锁超时时间 怕万一finally没有被执行到的时候 多长时间自动释放锁(基本不会不执行finnaly 除非那个点机器down了) final int lockSeconds = myAnotation.expireTime(); // 3. 特殊业务自定义key String key = myAnotation.redisKey(); // 自定义redisKey是否使用参数 String[] params = myAnotation.params(); // 4.获取HttpServletRequest HttpServletRequest request = HttpContextUtils.getRequest(); if (request == null) { throw new Exception("错误的请求 request为null"); } assert request != null; // 5. 组合redis锁key // 5.1 如果没有自定义 用默认的 url+token if (StringUtils.isBlank(key) && (params == null || params.length == 0)) { // 这里怎么获取token 主要看自己项目用的什么框架 token在哪个位置存储着 String token = request.getHeader("Authorization"); String requestURI = request.getRequestURI(); key = requestURI+token; } else { // 5.2 自定义key key = SpelUtil.generateKeyBySpEL(key, params, joinPoint); } // 6. 获取key // 获取锁 获取不到最多等waitTime秒 lockSeconds秒后自动释放锁 // 每个项目组应该会有自己的redisUtil的封装 我这里就用最简单的方式 // 怎么使用锁不是重点 重点是这个思想 RLock lock = redissonClient.getLock(key); log.info("tryLock key = {}", key); boolean b = lock.tryLock(waitTime, lockSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // 获取锁成功 if (b) { try { log.info("tryLock success, key = {}", key); // 7. 执行业务代码 返回结果 return joinPoint.proceed(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } else { // 获取锁失败 log.info("tryLock fail, key = {}", key); throw new Exception("请求频繁,请稍后重试"); } } }
Redisson配置RedissonConfig
package com.example.student_flower; import org.redisson.Redisson; import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient; import org.redisson.config.Config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 * 一个生活在互联网底层,做着增删改查的码农,不谙世事的造作 * @create 2021-09-11 16:31 */ public class RedissonConfig { // 这里就简单设置 真实项目中会做到配置文件或配置中心 @Bean public RedissonClient getRedisson() { Config config = new Config(); config.useSingleServer().setAddress("redis://127.0.0.1:6379"); return Redisson.create(config); } }
获取request对象HttpContextUtils
package com.example.student_flower.util; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder; import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 * 一个生活在互联网底层,做着增删改查的码农,不谙世事的造作 * @create 2021-09-11 16:17 * * 获取springboot环境中的request/response对象 */ public class HttpContextUtils { // 获取request public static HttpServletRequest getRequest(){ ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest(); return request; } // 获取response public static HttpServletResponse getResponse(){ ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); HttpServletResponse response = servletRequestAttributes.getResponse(); return response; } }
El表达式解析 SpelUtil
package com.example.student_flower.util; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature; import org.springframework.core.DefaultParameterNameDiscoverer; import org.springframework.expression.EvaluationContext; import org.springframework.expression.Expression; import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser; import org.springframework.expression.spel.support.StandardEvaluationContext; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 * 一个生活在互联网底层,做着增删改查的码农,不谙世事的造作 * @create 2021-09-11 15:35 */ /** * EL表达式解析 */ public class SpelUtil { /** * 用于SpEL表达式解析. */ private static SpelExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser(); /** * 用于获取方法参数定义名字. */ private static DefaultParameterNameDiscoverer nameDiscoverer = new DefaultParameterNameDiscoverer(); /** * 解析表达式 */ public static String generateKeyBySpEL(String key, String[] params, ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) { StringBuilder spELString = new StringBuilder(); if (params != null && params.length > 0) { spELString.append("'" + key + "'"); for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) { spELString.append("+#" + params[i]); } } else { return key; } // 通过joinPoint获取被注解方法 MethodSignature methodSignature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature(); Method method = methodSignature.getMethod(); // 使用spring的DefaultParameterNameDiscoverer获取方法形参名数组 String[] paramNames = nameDiscoverer.getParameterNames(method); // 解析过后的Spring表达式对象 Expression expression = parser.parseExpression(spELString.toString()); // spring的表达式上下文对象 EvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext(); // 通过joinPoint获取被注解方法的形参 Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs(); // 给上下文赋值 for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { context.setVariable(paramNames[i], args[i]); } return expression.getValue(context).toString(); } }
controller使用注解:
package com.example.student_flower.controller; import com.example.student_flower.common.anotation.MyAnotation; import com.example.student_flower.service.StudentFlowerService; import com.sun.istack.internal.NotNull; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 发现更多精彩 关注公众号:木子的昼夜编程 * 一个生活在互联网底层,做着增删改查的码农,不谙世事的造作 * @create 2021-09-11 10:35 */ @RestController public class StudentFlowerController { @Autowired StudentFlowerService studentFlowerService; /** * * @param classroomId 教师ID * @param studentId 学生ID */ @MyAnotation(redisKey = "/test/sendflower", params = {"classroomId", "studentId"}) @GetMapping(value = "/test/sendflower/{classroomId}/{studentId}") public void sendFlower(@NotNull @PathVariable("classroomId") Long classroomId , @NotNull @PathVariable("studentId") Long studentId){ studentFlowerService.SendFlower(classroomId,studentId); } }
测试类(这里用了MockMvc直接测试controller)
package com.example.student_flower; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @SpringBootTest @AutoConfigureMockMvc class StudentFlowerTests { @Autowired protected MockMvc mockMvc; @Test void sendFlower() throws Exception { final Long classroomId = 7L; final Long studengId = 102L; Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> { try { mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders .get("/test/sendflower/" + classroomId + "/" + studengId).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> { try { mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders .get("/test/sendflower/" + classroomId + "/" + studengId).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); Thread thread3 = new Thread(() -> { try { mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders .get("/test/sendflower/" + classroomId + "/" + studengId).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); thread3.start(); // 睡会儿 等三个线程跑完 很low? 做测试凑活用吧 Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(20)); } }
去掉controller注解测试 会插入多条,加上MyAnotation注解只会生成一条
四 、唠唠
4.1 项目
主要用到了自定义注解、RedissonClient的redis锁、AOP等知识
可能么有写过这种场景代码的人会觉得比较乱:木有关系全部代码已经提交到github上了,
地址:https://github.com/githubforliming/student_flower
4.2 redis服务
贴心的我把redis的windows免安装包都放到项目里了
test/java/soft 解压 双击redis-server.exe 即可运行
默认没密码
4.3 其他问题
支持参数是对象的自定义key
@MyAnotation(redisKey = "/test/sendflower", params = {"p.id"}) @PostMapping(value = "/test/sendflower02") public void sendFlower(@RequestBody Person p){ // xxx }
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