详解SpringBoot中JdbcTemplate的事务控制
作者:DayDayUp丶
前言
JdbcTemplate是spring-jdbc提供的数据库核心操作类,那对JdbcTemplate进行事务控制呢?
我的环境:spring-boot-2.1.3,druid-1.1.3。
原生Jdbc的事务控制
即,批处理+自动提交的控制方式,
public static void demo(String[] args) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException { String url = "jdbc:mysql://10.1.4.16:3306/szhtest"; String username = "ababab"; String password = "123456"; String sql1 = "insert xx"; String sql2 = "insert xx"; Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password); Statement statement = conn.createStatement(); // 获取到原本的自动提交状态 boolean ac = conn.getAutoCommit(); // 批处理多条sql操作 statement.addBatch(sql1); statement.addBatch(sql2); // 关闭自动提交 conn.setAutoCommit(false); try { // 提交批处理 statement.executeBatch(); // 若批处理无异常,则准备手动commit conn.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); // 批处理抛异常,则rollback try { conn.rollback(); } catch (SQLException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } finally { // 恢复到原本的自动提交状态 conn.setAutoCommit(ac); if (statement != null) { try { statement.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
Spring的声明式事务控制
Bean的类或方法上加@Transactional,事务控制粒度较大,只能控制在方法级别,不能控制到代码粒度级别。
尝试JdbcTemplate的事务控制
采取跟原生jdbc事务控制一样的方法试试,在批处理前关闭自动提交,若批处理失败则回滚的思路。
@RequestMapping("/druidData1") public String druidData1() throws SQLException { String sql1 = "INSERT INTO user_tmp(`id`, `username`) VALUES(22, 222)"; // id=1的主键冲突插入失败 String sql2 = "INSERT INTO user_tmp(`id`, `username`) VALUES(1, 111)"; Connection conn = jdbcTemplate.getDataSource().getConnection(); LOG.info("1:{}", conn); boolean ac = conn.getAutoCommit(); conn.setAutoCommit(false); try { int[] rs2 = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(new String[]{sql1, sql2}); conn.commit(); } catch (Throwable e) { LOG.error("Error occured, cause by: {}", e.getMessage()); conn.rollback(); } finally { conn.setAutoCommit(ac); if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { LOG.error("Error occurred while closing connectin, cause by: {}", e.getMessage()); } } } return "test"; }
期望结果:id=1的因为主键冲突,所以id=22的也要回滚。
实际结果:id=1的插入失败,id=22的插入成功,未回滚。
原因分析:自始至终都是同一个connection连接对象,按道理不应该无法控制自动提交,唯一的解释是jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate()中真正使用的连接对象并非代码中的conn,于是一方面把conn打印出来,另一方面准备调试jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate()源码内部,看看是否使用了另外获取到的connection。
调试流程:jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate()
→execute(new BatchUpdateStatementCallback())
→DataSourceUtils.getConnection(obtainDataSource())
对比两个connection,确非同一对象,因此对我们的conn进行事务的控制不会影响jdbcTemplate内部真正使用的con,
→紧接着进入源码376行,回调函数action.doInStatement(stmt)
在回调函数中,真正进行数据库操作。至此,便明白了这样的方法为何不能成功控制jdbcTemplate事务的原因,即我们控制的conn和jdbcTemplate真正使用的con不是同一个对象。那如果Druid数据库连接池里只有1个conn呢,这样的方法会不会成功控制?
于是修改druid配置,将initial-size、max-active、min-idle都设置为1,这样,你jdbcTemplate里获取到的跟我的conn总该是同一对象了吧?然而,方法运行约1min后,抛出异常:
Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.alibaba.druid.pool.GetConnectionTimeoutException: wait millis 60001, active 1, maxActive 1, creating 0
继续跟了一下源码,原来是池子里最大只有一个连接conn,而它又未被释放,导致jdbcTemplate内部再去从池子里获取con时,一直在等待已有连接conn的释放,一直等不到释放,所以等待了max-wait=60000ms的时间,最后报错。
所以这样的控制也是不合理的,那究竟如何控制JdbcTemplate的事务呢?答案就是TransactionTemplate。
TransactionTemplate的编程式事务控制
注册事务相关bean:TransactionTemplate,如下:
package com.boot.druid.config; import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource; import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet; import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager; import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate; /** * Druid数据库连接池配置文件 */ @Configuration public class DruidConfig { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DruidConfig.class); @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.url}") private String dbUrl; @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.username}") private String username; @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.password}") private String password; @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.driverClassName}") private String driverClassName; @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.initial-size}") private int initialSize; @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-active}") private int maxActive; @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.min-idle}") private int minIdle; @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-wait}") private int maxWait; /** * Druid 连接池配置 */ @Bean //声明其为Bean实例 public DruidDataSource dataSource() { DruidDataSource datasource = new DruidDataSource(); datasource.setUrl(dbUrl); datasource.setUsername(username); datasource.setPassword(password); datasource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName); datasource.setInitialSize(initialSize); datasource.setMinIdle(minIdle); datasource.setMaxActive(maxActive); datasource.setMaxWait(maxWait); datasource.setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize); try { datasource.setFilters(filters); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("druid configuration initialization filter", e); } datasource.setConnectionProperties(connectionProperties); return datasource; } /** * JDBC操作配置 */ @Bean(name = "dataOneTemplate") public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate (@Autowired DruidDataSource dataSource){ return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource) ; } /** * 装配事务管理器 */ @Bean(name="transactionManager") public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager(@Autowired DruidDataSource dataSource) { return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource); } /** * JDBC事务操作配置 */ @Bean(name = "txTemplate") public TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate (@Autowired DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager){ return new TransactionTemplate(transactionManager); } /** * 配置 Druid 监控界面 */ @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){ ServletRegistrationBean srb = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(),"/druid/*"); //设置控制台管理用户 srb.addInitParameter("loginUsername","root"); srb.addInitParameter("loginPassword","root"); //是否可以重置数据 srb.addInitParameter("resetEnable","false"); return srb; } @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean statFilter(){ //创建过滤器 FilterRegistrationBean frb = new FilterRegistrationBean(new WebStatFilter()); //设置过滤器过滤路径 frb.addUrlPatterns("/*"); //忽略过滤的形式 frb.addInitParameter("exclusions", "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*"); return frb; } }
然后注入TransactionTemplate,使用transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallback<> action)或者transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallbackWithoutResult<> action)执行多条sql,最后可以通过transactionStatus的setRollbackOnly()或rollbackToSavepoint(savepoint) 控制事务,如下:
@RequestMapping("/druidData2") public String runTransactionSamples() { String sql1 = "INSERT INTO user_tmp(`id`, `username`) VALUES(22, 222)"; String sql2 = "INSERT INTO user_tmp(`id`, `username`) VALUES(1, 111)"; txTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallback<Object>() { @Override public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus transactionStatus) { Object savepoint = transactionStatus.createSavepoint(); // DML执行 try { int[] rs2 = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(new String[]{sql1, sql2}); } catch (Throwable e) { LOG.error("Error occured, cause by: {}", e.getMessage()); transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly(); // transactionStatus.rollbackToSavepoint(savepoint); } return null; } }); return "test2"; }
上面是不带参数的多条sql的事务执行,若是带参数的多条sql,可以实现如下:
@RequestMapping("/druidData3") public String runTransactionSamples2() { String sql1 = "INSERT INTO user_tmp(`id`, `username`) VALUES(?, ?)"; Object[] args1 = new Object[] {22, 222}; String sql2 = "INSERT INTO user_tmp(`id`, `username`) VALUES(?, ?)"; Object[] args2 = new Object[] {1, 111}; txTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallback<Object>() { @Override public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus transactionStatus) { Object savepoint = transactionStatus.createSavepoint(); // DML执行 try { int rs1 = jdbcTemplate.update(sql1, args1); int rs2 = jdbcTemplate.update(sql2, args2); } catch (Throwable e) { LOG.error("Error occured, cause by: {}", e.getMessage()); transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly(); // transactionStatus.rollbackToSavepoint(savepoint); } return null; } }); return "test2"; }
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