Java单元测试Powermockito和Mockito使用总结

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.9</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
    <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.4</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
    <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.4</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

@Component
public class StudentService {

    @Resource
    private StudentDao studentDao;

    public List<StudentBo> queryStudentScoreByKeyword(String name) {
        System.out.println("invoke StudentService.queryStudentScoreByKeyword ...");

        List<StudentBo> cacheList = RedisUtils.getArray(name, StudentBo.class);
        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(cacheList)) {
            return cacheList;
        }
        String keyword = processKeyword(name);
        List<Student> students = studentDao.queryStudentByKeyWord(keyword);
        List<Integer> ids = students.stream().map(Student::getId).collect(Collectors.toList());
        List<Person> personList = SchoolManageProxy.getInstance().queryPerson(ids);

        List<StudentBo> studentBos = CommonUtils.toBo(personList, students);
        // 高亮结果
        highlightResult(studentBos, name);
        // 缓存到Redis
        RedisUtils.setArray(name, studentBos, 10 * 60);
        return studentBos;
    }

    private String processKeyword(String name) {
        System.out.println("invoke StudentService.processKeyword ...");
        String newName = name;
        // do somethings
        return newName;
    }

    private void highlightResult(List<StudentBo> result, String name) {
        System.out.println("invoke StudentService.highlightResult ...");
        // do keyword highlight
    }

}

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({SchoolManageProxy.class, RedisUtils.class, StudentService.class})
// @PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*", "javax.net.ssl.*"})
@SuppressStaticInitializationFor({"cn.ganzhiqiang.ares.unittest.SchoolManageProxy"})
public class StudentServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private StudentDao mockStudentDao;

    @InjectMocks
    private StudentService studentServiceUnderTest;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void testQueryStudentScoreByKeyword() throws Exception {
        studentServiceUnderTest = PowerMockito.spy(studentServiceUnderTest);
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(RedisUtils.class);
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(SchoolManageProxy.class);

        // mock单例调用
        SchoolManageProxy mockSchoolManageProxy = PowerMockito.mock(SchoolManageProxy.class);
        PowerMockito.when(SchoolManageProxy.getInstance()).thenReturn(mockSchoolManageProxy);
        when(mockSchoolManageProxy.queryPerson(anyList())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());

        // mock掉对Redis的静态调用
        PowerMockito.when(RedisUtils.getArray(eq("tom"), eq(StudentBo.class))).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());
        // 显示的mock掉静态的void的方法（可以不mock）
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(RedisUtils.class, "setArray", anyString(), anyList(), anyInt());

        // mock私有方法processKeyword
        PowerMockito.doReturn("tom").when(studentServiceUnderTest, "processKeyword", anyString());

        // 跳过私有方法highlightResult的执行
        PowerMockito.suppress(PowerMockito.method(StudentService.class, "highlightResult"));

        // 使用Mockito来mock服务的调用
        when(mockStudentDao.queryStudentByKeyWord(anyString())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());

        // Run the test
        final List<StudentBo> result = studentServiceUnderTest.queryStudentScoreByKeyword("tom");

    }
}

// 使用Mockito来mock服务的调用 
when(mockStudentDao.queryStudentByKeyWord(anyString())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());

PowerMockito.mockStatic(RedisUtils.class);
// mock掉对Redis的静态调用
PowerMockito.when(RedisUtils.getArray(eq("tom"), eq(StudentBo.class))).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());
// 显式的mock掉静态的void的方法（可以不mock）
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(RedisUtils.class, "setArray", anyString(), anyList(), anyInt());

PowerMockito.mockStatic(SchoolManageProxy.class);
// Powermock mock出单例类
SchoolManageProxy mockSchoolManageProxy = PowerMockito.mock(SchoolManageProxy.class);
// 给单例类的getInstance方法打桩

PowerMockito.when(SchoolManageProxy.getInstance()).thenReturn(mockSchoolManageProxy);
// 对mock类queryPerson的方法打桩
when(mockSchoolManageProxy.queryPerson(anyList())).thenReturn(Collections.emptyList());

// mock 实例
// spy的标准是：如果不打桩，默认执行真实的方法，如果打桩则返回桩实现。
studentServiceUnderTest = PowerMockito.spy(studentServiceUnderTest);
// mock私有方法processKeyword
// doReturn(...) when(...)不做真实调用，但是when(...) thenReturn(...)还是会真实调用原方法，只是返回了指定的结果
PowerMockito.doReturn("tom").when(studentServiceUnderTest, "processKeyword", anyString());

// 跳过私有方法highlightResult的执行
PowerMockito.suppress(PowerMockito.method(StudentService.class, "highlightResult"));