@FeignClient注入找不到异常如何解决
作者:爱琴孩
前言
Springcloud中的服务间调用是通过Feign进行调用的,在调用方服务中,我们需要定义一些带有@FeignClient注解的接口类。并且在启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients注解。
程序启动的时候,会检查是否有@EnableFeignClients注解,如果有该注解,则开启包扫描,扫描带有@FeignClient注解的接口。
这里结合之前遇到的一个问题来和大家一起学习下@EnableFeignClients启动过程。
问题描述
之前搭建一个简单demo的时候,启动之后总是报错
Field client1Feign in com.aiqinhai.client2.controller.Testrequired a bean of type
'com.aiqinhai.client2.feignclient.Client1Feign' that could not be found.
Action:
Consider defining a bean of type 'com.aiqinhai.client2.feignclient.Client1Feign' in your configuration.
Process finished with exit code 1
排查了一顿之后,发现启动上的@EnableFeignClients注解,没有指定basePackages包扫描路径。
而且Client1Feign接口不是和启动类在同一目录下,所以启动的时候就会报上述错误。
后来在@EnableFeignClients指定了扫描包路径就解决了。
@SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"com.aiqinhai.client2.feignclient"}) public class Client2Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Client2Application.class, args); } }
问题确实解决了,但是我们还是需要了解服务启动的时候,@EnableFeignClients注解干了哪些事。
刨根@EnableFeignClients
想了解清楚这个注解的作用,最好的方式就是看看注解的源码。点进去之后,可以看到
/** * 扫描注解@FeignClient标注的接口 */ @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Documented @Import(FeignClientsRegistrar.class) public @interface EnableFeignClients { //同basePackages String[] value() default {}; //扫描的package. String[] basePackages() default {}; //feigin client全局配置,默认配置在FeignClientsConfiguration类中 Class<?>[] defaultConfiguration() default {}; //@FeignClient注解的接口,如果指定了该属性,则关闭扫描。 Class<?>[] clients() default {}; }
可以看到,注解中import了FeignClientsRegistrar类,我们进去看看,可以看到包扫描的逻辑就是在FeignClientsRegistrar中实现的,会扫描所有的.class文件,过滤出@FeignClient标注的接口,然后通过BeanDefinitionBuilder生成FeignClientFactoryBean对象,注入到IOC容器中。
具体代码如下
class FeignClientsRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, ResourceLoaderAware, EnvironmentAware { //包扫描方法入口 @Override public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { //注册默认配置bean到ioc registerDefaultConfiguration(metadata, registry); //注册@FeignClients标注的接口bean,为其生成动态代理 registerFeignClients(metadata, registry); } private void registerDefaultConfiguration(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { //获取@EnableFeignClients注解属性 Map<String, Object> defaultAttrs = metadata .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName(), true); if (defaultAttrs != null && defaultAttrs.containsKey("defaultConfiguration")) { String name; if (metadata.hasEnclosingClass()) { name = "default." + metadata.getEnclosingClassName(); } else { name = "default." + metadata.getClassName(); } //注册@EnableFeignClients defaultConfiguration 类中定义的bean到ioc registerClientConfiguration(registry, name, defaultAttrs.get("defaultConfiguration")); } } public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { //spring 扫描工具类 ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner(); scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader); //待扫描的包 Set<String> basePackages; //@EnableFeignClients注解属性 Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName()); //@FeignClient注解过滤器,只扫描@FeignClient注解标注的接口 AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter( FeignClient.class); //解析@EnableFeignClient 属性clients final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null : (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients"); //如果@EnableFeignClient没有指定clients,则开启包扫描,否则关闭扫描,使用clients if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) { scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter); basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata); } else { final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>(); basePackages = new HashSet<>(); for (Class<?> clazz : clients) { basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz)); clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName()); } AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() { @Override protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) { String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\\$", "."); return clientClasses.contains(cleaned); } }; scanner.addIncludeFilter( new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter))); } for (String basePackage : basePackages) { //从类路径下的所有.class文件中扫描@FeignClient注解的接口 Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner .findCandidateComponents(basePackage); for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) { if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) { // verify annotated class is an interface AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent; //获取注解 AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata(); //@FeignClient注解必须应用在接口上,否则抛出异常。 Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(), "@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface"); //获取FeignClient注解属性 Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata .getAnnotationAttributes( FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName()); //服务名称 String name = getClientName(attributes); //注册configuration中指定的bean registerClientConfiguration(registry, name, attributes.get("configuration")); //生成FeignClient bean,并注册到ioc registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes); } } } } //生成bean,注入到IOC容器 private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) { // feignclient类名称 String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName(); BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder .genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class); validate(attributes); definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes)); definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes)); String name = getName(attributes); definition.addPropertyValue("name", name); definition.addPropertyValue("type", className); definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404")); definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback")); definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory")); definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE); String alias = name + "FeignClient"; AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition(); boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary); String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes); if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) { alias = qualifier; } BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className, new String[] { alias }); //注册到ioc BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry); } }
@FeignClient 类,注入找不到类
原因:
@FeignClinet 和 @EnableFeignClients 不是同一个包。
可能因为springboot和springcloud的版本不一致造成的。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。