浅谈PHP设计模式之对象池模式Pool
作者:phpyu
对象池模式是一种提前准备了一组已经初始化了的对象『池』而不是按需创建或者销毁的创建型设计模式。对象池客户端会向对象池中请求一个对象,然后使用这个返回的对象执行相关操作。当客户端使用完毕,它将把这个特定类型的工厂对象返回给对象池,而不是销毁掉这个对象。
目的
在初始化实例成本高,实例化率高,可用实例不足的情况下,对象池可以极大地提升性能。在创建对象(尤其是通过网络)时间花销不确定的情况下,通过对象池在可期时间内就可以获得所需的对象。
无论如何,对象池模式在需要耗时创建对象方面,例如创建数据库连接,套接字连接,线程和大型图形对象(比方字体或位图等),使用起来都是大有裨益的。在某些情况下,简单的对象池(无外部资源,只占内存)可能效率不高,甚至会有损性能。
UML 类图
代码
WorkerPool.php
<?php namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Pool; class WorkerPool implements \Countable { /** * @var StringReverseWorker[] */ private $occupiedWorkers = []; /** * @var StringReverseWorker[] */ private $freeWorkers = []; public function get(): StringReverseWorker { if (count($this->freeWorkers) == 0) { $worker = new StringReverseWorker(); } else { $worker = array_pop($this->freeWorkers); } $this->occupiedWorkers[spl_object_hash($worker)] = $worker; return $worker; } public function dispose(StringReverseWorker $worker) { $key = spl_object_hash($worker); if (isset($this->occupiedWorkers[$key])) { unset($this->occupiedWorkers[$key]); $this->freeWorkers[$key] = $worker; } } public function count(): int { return count($this->occupiedWorkers) + count($this->freeWorkers); } }
StringReverseWorker.php
<?php namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Pool; class StringReverseWorker { /** * @var \DateTime */ private $createdAt; public function __construct() { $this->createdAt = new \DateTime(); } public function run(string $text) { return strrev($text); } }
测试
Tests/PoolTest.php
<?php namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Pool\Tests; use DesignPatterns\Creational\Pool\WorkerPool; use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase; class PoolTest extends TestCase { public function testCanGetNewInstancesWithGet() { $pool = new WorkerPool(); $worker1 = $pool->get(); $worker2 = $pool->get(); $this->assertCount(2, $pool); $this->assertNotSame($worker1, $worker2); } public function testCanGetSameInstanceTwiceWhenDisposingItFirst() { $pool = new WorkerPool(); $worker1 = $pool->get(); $pool->dispose($worker1); $worker2 = $pool->get(); $this->assertCount(1, $pool); $this->assertSame($worker1, $worker2); } }
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