Spring中SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle的作用和区别
作者:brucelwl
本文基于SpringBoot 2.5.0-M2
讲解Spring中Lifecycle
和SmartLifecycle
的作用和区别,以及如何控制SmartLifecycle的优先级。
并讲解SpringBoot中如何通过SmartLifecycle
来启动/停止web容器.
SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle作用
都是让开发者可以在所有的bean都创建完成(getBean) 之后执行自己的初始化工作,或者在退出时执行资源销毁工作。
SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle区别
1.SmartLifecycle
接口继承Lifecycle
接口,同时继承了org.springframework.context.Phased
接口用于控制多个SmartLifecycle
实现之间的优先级。
2.在SpringBoot应用中,或在Spring应用中没有调用AbstractApplicationContext#start
方法,如果一个Bean只是实现了Lifecycle
接口的情况下:
不会执行Lifecycle
接口中的启动方法,包括Lifecycle#isRunning
方法也不会被执行。
但是在应用 退出时 会执行Lifecycle#isRunning
方法判断该Lifecycle
是否已经启动,如果返回true则调用Lifecycle#stop()
停止方法。
3. 如果一个Bean实现了SmartLifecycle
接口,则会执行启动方法。先会被根据Phased
接口优先级分组,封装在LifecycleGroup
,然后循环调用LifecycleGroup#start()
方法,SmartLifecycle#isRunning
判断是否已经执行,返回false表示还未执行,则调用SmartLifecycle#start()
执行。Phased
返回值越小,优先级越高。
4.SmartLifecycle
中还有个isAutoStartup
方法,如果返回false
,在启动时也不会执行start方法,默认返回true
源码分析
SmartLifecycle
和Lifecycle
都是在org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor
中被调用,
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#onRefresh
方法在执行AbstractApplicationContext#finishRefresh
时会被调用,调用栈如下:
startBeans:142, DefaultLifecycleProcessor (org.springframework.context.support) onRefresh:123, DefaultLifecycleProcessor (org.springframework.context.support) finishRefresh:934, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support) refresh:585, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support) refresh:144, ServletWebServerApplicationContext (org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context) refresh:755, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) refreshContext:426, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:326, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:1299, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:1288, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) main:31, DemoApplication (com.example.demo)
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#onRefresh
源码:
@Override public void onRefresh() { startBeans(true); //autoStartupOnly = true this.running = true; }
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#startBeans
源码如下:
autoStartupOnly
在onRefresh时传入的是true,表示只执行可以自动启动的bean,即为:SmartLifecycle
的实现类,并且SmartLifecycle#isAutoStartup
返回值必须为true。
private void startBeans(boolean autoStartupOnly) { Map<String, Lifecycle> lifecycleBeans = getLifecycleBeans(); Map<Integer, LifecycleGroup> phases = new TreeMap<>(); lifecycleBeans.forEach((beanName, bean) -> { if (!autoStartupOnly || (bean instanceof SmartLifecycle && ((SmartLifecycle) bean).isAutoStartup())) { int phase = getPhase(bean); phases.computeIfAbsent(phase, p -> new LifecycleGroup(phase, this.timeoutPerShutdownPhase, lifecycleBeans, autoStartupOnly) ).add(beanName, bean); } }); if (!phases.isEmpty()) { phases.values().forEach(LifecycleGroup::start); } }
而Spring AbstractApplicationContext#doClose
退出时,无论是SmartLifecycle
或Lifecycle
都会执行isRunning
方法,判断是否已经启动,返回true表示已经启动,则执行SmartLifecycle
或Lifecycle
的stop
方法。
源码见:org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor#doStop
方法。
而执行AbstractApplicationContext#doClose
一般是应用进程退出,通过jvm注册的钩子方法,或者应用程序编码调用。
AbstractApplicationContext#registerShutdownHook
源码
@Override public void registerShutdownHook() { if (this.shutdownHook == null) { // No shutdown hook registered yet. this.shutdownHook = new Thread(SHUTDOWN_HOOK_THREAD_NAME) { @Override public void run() { synchronized (startupShutdownMonitor) { doClose(); } } }; Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(this.shutdownHook); } }
自定义LifecycleProcessor处理Lifecycle
在源码分析中提到了DefaultLifecycleProcessor
,其实现了LifecycleProcessor
接口。然而我们自己也可以实现该接口,替换默认的DefaultLifecycleProcessor
。SpringBoot中则是自己配置了DefaultLifecycleProcessor
,我们可以按照同样的方式,覆盖默认的实现。例如可以让Lifecycle
中的start()
方法在onRefresh()时也能被执行。
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration
源码:
/** * {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} relating to the application * context's lifecycle. * * @author Andy Wilkinson * @since 2.3.0 */ @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @EnableConfigurationProperties(LifecycleProperties.class) public class LifecycleAutoConfiguration { @Bean(name = AbstractApplicationContext.LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = AbstractApplicationContext.LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public DefaultLifecycleProcessor defaultLifecycleProcessor(LifecycleProperties properties) { DefaultLifecycleProcessor lifecycleProcessor = new DefaultLifecycleProcessor(); lifecycleProcessor.setTimeoutPerShutdownPhase(properties.getTimeoutPerShutdownPhase().toMillis()); return lifecycleProcessor; } }
SpringBoot中内嵌web容器启动时机
SpringBoo中就是通过实现SmartLifecycle
来启动内嵌的web容器,实现类为WebServerStartStopLifecycle
。
ServletWebServerApplicationContext
在onRefresh
方法中调用createWebServer
,createWebServer
方法中创建org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer
实例,该对象则包含了控制web容器(tomcat
、jetty
)的启动与停止方法。
@Override protected void onRefresh() { super.onRefresh(); try { createWebServer(); }catch (Throwable ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex); } }
ServletWebServerApplicationContext#createWebServer
源码:
private void createWebServer() { WebServer webServer = this.webServer; ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext(); if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) { StartupStep createWebServer = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.boot.webserver.create"); ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory(); createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString()); this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer()); createWebServer.end(); getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown", new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.webServer)); getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop", new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this, this.webServer)); } else if (servletContext != null) { try { getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext); } catch (ServletException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex); } } initPropertySources(); }
createWebServer
方法会将创建的webServer
封装在WebServerStartStopLifecycle
对象中,并注册到Spring容器中。
org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.WebServerStartStopLifecycle
源码如下:
class WebServerStartStopLifecycle implements SmartLifecycle { private final ServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext; private final WebServer webServer; private volatile boolean running; WebServerStartStopLifecycle(ServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext, WebServer webServer) { this.applicationContext = applicationContext; this.webServer = webServer; } @Override public void start() { this.webServer.start(); this.running = true; this.applicationContext .publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(this.webServer, this.applicationContext)); } @Override public void stop() { this.webServer.stop(); } @Override public boolean isRunning() { return this.running; } @Override public int getPhase() { return Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1; } }
WebServerStartStopLifecycle
则实现了SmartLifecycle
接口,当Spring回调到SmartLifecycle
接口方法时则调用this.webServer.start();
启动web容器,web容器启动完成之后会通过applicationContext
发布ServletWebServerInitializedEvent
事件,表示web容器启动成功,可以接收http请求。
和SmartInitializingSingleton区别
相同点:SmartInitializingSingleton
和Lifecycle
、SmartLifecycle
都是在所有的单实例bean创建(getBean方法)之后执行。
不同点:
SmartInitializingSingleton
优先于Lifecycle
、SmartLifecycle
执行。SmartInitializingSingleton
只有一个afterSingletonsInstantiated
方法。而Lifecycle
有start
,stop
,isRunning
等方法。- 多个
SmartInitializingSingleton
实现之间无法排序控制执行的顺序,而SmartLifecycle
实现了Phased
接口,可以通过int getPhase()
控制执行循序。 SmartInitializingSingleton
之间可以通过@DependsOn
来控制执行顺序,但这是由Spring中@DependsOn注解的作用及原理来实现的. 并不是对SmartInitializingSingleton
做了排序。
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