使用SpringBoot跨系统调用接口的方案
作者:仙道Bob
一、简介
项目开发中存在系统之间互调问题,又不想用dubbo,这里提供几种springboot方案:
1、使用Feign进行消费(推荐)
2、使用原始httpClient请求
3、使用RestTemplate方法
二、方案
方案一:使用Feign进行消费(推荐)
1、在maven中添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> <version>2.2.2</version> </dependency>
2、启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"com.aaa.aurora"}) @SpringBootApplication @EnableTransactionManagement @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.aaa.aurora") @ImportResource(locations= {"classpath:spring.xml","spring-security.xml"}) @MapperScan("com.aaa.aurora.mapper") public class AuroraWebApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AuroraWebApplication.class, args); } }
3、编写service接口
@FeignClient(url = "${pangu.url}",name = "panguUrl") public interface PanGuService { @RequestMapping(value = "/pangu/restful/check",method = RequestMethod.POST) JSONObject check(@RequestParam(name="queryEngine") String queryEngine, @RequestParam(name="querySql") String querySql, @RequestParam(name="jobNo") String jobNo); }
其中:pangu.url是配置在application.properties中的ip及端口
pangu.url = 192.168.1.3:8080 /pangu/restful/check是要调的接口名
4、代码中调用
@Autowired private PanGuService panGuService; JSONObject jsonObject = null; try { jsonObject = panGuService.auroraPriviledge(PRESTO_DRIVER, query.get("sql"), user.getWorkNo()); } catch (Exception e) { throw new Exception("请求系统异常"); } if (PANGU_FAIL.equals(jsonObject.get("code"))) { LOG.info(jsonObject.get("msg").toString()); throw new BusinessException(jsonObject.get("msg").toString()); }
方案二:使用原始httpClient请求
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可。
1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HttpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接。
public JSONObject doPost(String queryEngine, String querySql, String jobNo) { JSONObject jsonObject = null; //1.创建httpClient对象 CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); //2.创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL String url = "http://192.168.1.11:8080"; HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8"); //3.参数 AuroraPriviledge auroraPriviledge = new AuroraPriviledge(); auroraPriviledge.setQueryEngine(queryEngine); auroraPriviledge.setQuerySql(querySql); auroraPriviledge.setJobNo(jobNo); String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(auroraPriviledge); StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonString, "UTF-8"); post.setEntity(entity); //4.调用execute,返回response CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { response = client.execute(post); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (client != null) { client.close(); } if (response != null) { response.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return jsonObject; }
方案三:使用RestTemplate方法
1.get请求:getForObject(...)和getForEntity(...)两个方法,区别在于前者直接返回预期的对象,即返回体中的body对象,后者返回的是ResponseEntity封装类,里面包含了HTTP请求的头信息。
2.post请求:与get请求类似,只是多一个request参数,request对象会作为httpEntity进行处理。
package com.yyy.aurora; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.net.URI; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * Description * * @author Bob * @date 2020/4/15 **/ public class TestRest { public static void main(String[] args) { RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); //get请求 //方法一:getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables),没有参数 String url = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key=075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62"; ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class); System.out.println(forEntity); // <200,{"status":"1","info":"OK","infocode":"10000","province":"上海市","city":"上海市","adcode":"310000","rectangle":"120.8397067,30.77980118;122.1137989,31.66889673"},{Server=[Tengine], Date=[Sat, 18 Apr 2020 02:47:38 GMT], Content-Type=[application/json;charset=UTF-8], Content-Length=[167], Connection=[close], X-Powered-By=[ring/1.0.0], gsid=[011130051098158717805837600019751129378], sc=[0.071], Access-Control-Allow-Origin=[*], Access-Control-Allow-Methods=[*], Access-Control-Allow-Headers=[DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type,key,x-biz,x-info,platinfo,encr,enginever,gzipped,poiid]}> String s = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class); System.out.println(s); // {"province":"上海市","city":"上海市","adcode":"310000","infocode":"10000","rectangle":"120.8397067,30.77980118;122.1137989,31.66889673","status":"1","info":"OK"} //方法一:getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables),url中用占位符,传入参数 //该方法提供了三个参数,其中var1为请求的地址(即url),var2为请求响应body的包装类型,var3为url中的参数绑定 url = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key={?}"; forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class, "075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62"); //方法二:getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables),map传参 url = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key={key}"; Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("key", "075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62"); forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class, map); //方法三:getForEntity(URI url, Class<T> responseType),uri传参 URI uri = URI.create("https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key=075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62"); forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, String.class); //post请求,与get请求类型,只是多一个必填request对象 //postForEntity(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables) forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, null, String.class, "075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62"); s = restTemplate.postForObject(url, null, String.class, "075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62"); } }
补充:SpringBoot关于系统之间的远程互相调用
1、SpringBoot关于系统之间的远程互相调用
可以采用RestTemplate方式发起Rest Http调用,提供有get、post等方式。
1、1远程工具类
此处使用Post方式,参考下面封装的HttpClient类 1.1
/** * Created by @kai on 2018/12/24/024. * Time: 13:54 * Desc: 远程连接工具类 */ @Service public class HttpClient { /** * 根据远程地址发起访问-参数类型为form表单 * @param url 远程地址 * @param method 远程方法 * @param params 方法参数 * @return */ public Object client(String url,HttpMethod method,MultiValueMap<String,String> params){ RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, headers); ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class); String body = responseEntity.getBody(); JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(body); return jsonObject.get("data"); } /** * 根据远程地址发起访问-参数类型为JSON * @param url 远程地址 * @param method 远程方法 * @param params 方法参数 * @return */ public Object clientJson(String url,HttpMethod method,Map<String,Object> params){ RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8); cn.hutool.json.JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseFromMap(params); HttpEntity<cn.hutool.json.JSONObject> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(jsonObject, headers); ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class); String body = responseEntity.getBody(); JSONObject jsonObjectResult = JSONObject.parseObject(body); return jsonObjectResult.get("data"); } }
[ 1.1]
1、2远程参数说明
工具类中提供了远程过程中传递参数的两种格式:
其中 headers.add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") 为form表单格式,支持键值对数据传输;
当参数类型为form表单时,数据需要封装成MultiValueMap<String,String>格式,前台使用controller接受时,可以直接使用 MultiValueMap 变量接收,参照代码如下 1.2
/** * 保存分组策略对象 * @param * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/saveDocGroupPolicy",method = RequestMethod.POST) public ApiResult saveGroupPolicy(@RequestParam MultiValueMap<String,String> paramMap,@Valid GroupStrategyIO groupStrategyIO){ Integer userId = ShiroUtil.getExamUserId(); List<String> userList = new ArrayList<>(); userList.add(userId+""); paramMap.put("userId",userList); Object jsonObject = httpClient.client(ExamConfigConstants.url+"/exam/configPolicy/saveDocGroupPolicy", HttpMethod.POST, paramMap); return ApiResult.success(jsonObject); }
[ 1.2] 接受参数为form对象
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
为json数据格式
当参数为json格式时,远程服务器接受参数需加上注解@RequestBody,对于复杂参数可以使用对象接受,将对象转为Map,对数据进行加工,再将map转化为JSONObject,参照代码如下:1.3
/** * 保存试卷策略 * @param paperStrategyIO 试卷策略对象 * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/savePaperConfig") public ApiResult savePaperConfig(@RequestBody PaperStrategyIO paperStrategyIO){ Map<String, Object> paramMap = BeanUtil.beanToMap(paperStrategyIO); Integer userId = ShiroUtil.getExamUserId(); paramMap.put("userId",userId); Object jsonObject = httpClient.clientJson(ExamConfigConstants.url+"/exam/paper/savePaperConfigWithMap", HttpMethod.POST, paramMap); return ApiResult.success(jsonObject); }
[ 1.3] 接收参数为复杂json串
2、后记
关于RestTemplate还有很多可调用的API,可以查看官方网站了解
http://spring.io/blog/2009/03/27/rest-in-spring-3-resttemplate
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。