docker镜像的导入和导出的实现
作者：贤时间
这篇文章主要介绍了docker镜像的导入和导出的实现，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
gitlab 的docker使用
gitlab docker
启动命令
docker run -d -p 3000:80 twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3 docker run -d -p 8080:80 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
将容器修改提交到镜像
# 进入容器内部 [root@#localhost docker]# docker run -ti ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash root@812a997f614a:/# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) #做了一些修改 root@812a997f614a:/# echo update>update.txt root@812a997f614a:/# exit exit [root@#localhost docker]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 812a997f614a ubuntu:14.04 "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 22 seconds ago zealous_euler 69304dea46c7 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest "/assets/wrapper" About an hour ago Exited (127) 44 minutes ago competent_minsky 67ba866e21b0 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (137) About an hour ago hungry_hoover 2a3d08a0a2ff twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3 "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (137) About an hour ago nervous_wozniak 6db49540be99 twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3 "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (255) 2 hours ago 22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3000->80/tcp romantic_elion b08a6d6ed716 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (255) 2 hours ago 22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp competent_brahmagupta 33fd0b1ebd27 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (127) 2 hours ago loving_brattain 6f53620a930c twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3 "/assets/wrapper" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 2 hours ago brave_galileo 88df78f77c4e ubuntu:14.04 "sleep 360" 4 days ago Exited (137) 4 days ago testcopy 81a879a36bd3 wordpress "docker-entrypoint..." 4 days ago Exited (0) 4 days ago wordpress a57a3cc492b7 mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 days ago Exited (0) 4 days ago mysqlwp # 将修改多的镜像保存成一个新的 [root@#localhost docker]# docker commit 812a997f614a ubuntu:update sha256:317f102584605694da424bc96764559a1ccfda13943353f4cbdfd89c96515e6b [root@#localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu update 317f10258460 5 seconds ago 188 MB twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh 9.0.3 36172b5fefab 44 hours ago 1.19 GB gitlab/gitlab-ce latest 5eff2e44957c 2 days ago 1.11 GB mysql latest 9546ca122d3a 8 days ago 407 MB wordpress latest 4ad41adc2794 2 weeks ago 401 MB ubuntu 14.04 7c09e61e9035 5 weeks ago 188 MB daocloud.io/library/nginx 1.7.1 e3e043d3ed2f 2 years ago 499 MB # 查看修改多的镜像和原来镜像之间的差异 [root@#localhost docker]# docker diff 812a997f614a C /var C /var/cache C /var/cache/apt D /var/cache/apt/srcpkgcache.bin D /var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin C /var/lib C /var/lib/apt C /var/lib/apt/lists A /var/lib/apt/lists/lock A /var/lib/apt/lists/partial A /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty-updates_InRelease A /update.txt C /root A /root/.bash_history [root@#localhost docker]#
镜像的导入和导出
export 和improt
[root@#localhost docker]# docker run -ti ubuntu:update /bin/bash root@cbe3cb7799ed:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp update.txt usr var [root@#localhost docker]# [root@#localhost docker]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cbe3cb7799ed ubuntu:update "/bin/bash" 47 seconds ago Exited (1) 6 seconds ago adoring_kare 812a997f614a ubuntu:14.04 "/bin/bash" 16 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago zealous_euler 69304dea46c7 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (127) 53 minutes ago competent_minsky 67ba866e21b0 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (137) 2 hours ago hungry_hoover 2a3d08a0a2ff twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3 "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (137) 2 hours ago nervous_wozniak 6db49540be99 twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3 "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (255) 2 hours ago 22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3000->80/tcp romantic_elion b08a6d6ed716 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest "/assets/wrapper" 2 hours ago Exited (255) 2 hours ago 22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp competent_brahmagupta 33fd0b1ebd27 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest "/assets/wrapper" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 2 hours ago loving_brattain 6f53620a930c twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3 "/assets/wrapper" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 2 hours ago brave_galileo 88df78f77c4e ubuntu:14.04 "sleep 360" 4 days ago Exited (137) 4 days ago testcopy 81a879a36bd3 wordpress "docker-entrypoint..." 4 days ago Exited (0) 4 days ago wordpress a57a3cc492b7 mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 days ago Exited (0) 4 days ago mysqlwp # 将镜像导出到文件 [root@#localhost docker]# docker export cbe3cb7799ed > update.tar # 创建一个新静像从基于导出的文件 [root@#localhost /]# docker import - update < update.tar sha256:fd00d520a43eb5dc6cca8717fe0ca04cfdc53b02cad2fb5b50d877b8e6d6c3bc [root@#localhost /]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE update latest fd00d520a43e 13 seconds ago 165 MB ubuntu update 317f10258460 11 minutes ago 188 MB twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh 9.0.3 36172b5fefab 44 hours ago 1.19 GB gitlab/gitlab-ce latest 5eff2e44957c 2 days ago 1.11 GB mysql latest 9546ca122d3a 8 days ago 407 MB wordpress latest 4ad41adc2794 2 weeks ago 401 MB ubuntu 14.04 7c09e61e9035 5 weeks ago 188 MB daocloud.io/library/nginx 1.7.1 e3e043d3ed2f 2 years ago 499 MB [root@#localhost /]#
save 和load
（像当与镜像的备份和恢复）
# update是一个已经存在的镜像 [root@#localhost /]# docker save -o update1.tar update [root@#localhost /]# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp update1.tar update.tar usr var [root@#localhost /]# du -sh update1.tar 166M update1.tar # 删除update镜像 [root@#localhost /]# docker rmi update Untagged: update:latest Deleted: sha256:fd00d520a43eb5dc6cca8717fe0ca04cfdc53b02cad2fb5b50d877b8e6d6c3bc Deleted: sha256:14cc8cd7b783152682835346e5fe90860a9feeb684866688692285319d4e97ad [root@#localhost /]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu update 317f10258460 16 minutes ago 188 MB twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh 9.0.3 36172b5fefab 44 hours ago 1.19 GB gitlab/gitlab-ce latest 5eff2e44957c 2 days ago 1.11 GB mysql latest 9546ca122d3a 8 days ago 407 MB wordpress latest 4ad41adc2794 2 weeks ago 401 MB ubuntu 14.04 7c09e61e9035 5 weeks ago 188 MB daocloud.io/library/nginx 1.7.1 e3e043d3ed2f 2 years ago 499 MB #导入镜像 [root@#localhost /]# docker load < update1.tar 14cc8cd7b783: Loading layer [==================================================>] 173.8 MB/173.8 MB Loaded image: update:latest [root@#localhost /]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE update latest fd00d520a43e 6 minutes ago 165 MB ubuntu update 317f10258460 17 minutes ago 188 MB twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh 9.0.3 36172b5fefab 44 hours ago 1.19 GB gitlab/gitlab-ce latest 5eff2e44957c 2 days ago 1.11 GB mysql latest 9546ca122d3a 8 days ago 407 MB wordpress latest 4ad41adc2794 2 weeks ago 401 MB ubuntu 14.04 7c09e61e9035 5 weeks ago 188 MB daocloud.io/library/nginx 1.7.1 e3e043d3ed2f 2 years ago 499 MB [root@#localhost /]#
Dockerfile
[root@#localhost ~]# mkdir docker_file [root@#localhost ~]# cd docker_file/ [root@#localhost docker_file]# vi Dockerfile [root@#localhost docker_file]# cat Dockerfile FROM ubuntu:14.04 ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/echo"] [root@#localhost docker_file]# docker build . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB Step 1/2 : FROM ubuntu:14.04 ---> 7c09e61e9035 Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT /bin/echo ---> Running in d53f31b93355 ---> 26dd06d2e5a5 Removing intermediate container d53f31b93355 Successfully built 26dd06d2e5a5 #运行镜像 [root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 26dd06d2e5a5 #加入一个参数 [root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 26dd06d2e5a5 hello world hello world [root@#localhost docker_file]# vi Dockerfile [root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 26dd06d2e5a5 hello world hello world # [root@#localhost docker_file]# cat Dockerfile FROM ubuntu:14.04 #ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/echo","Hi world!"] CMD ["/bin/echo","Hi world!"] [root@#localhost docker_file]# docker build . [root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 12458a717ced Hi world! [root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 12458a717ced /bin/date Sat Apr 8 12:08:14 UTC 2017
构建的时候打个标签
[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker build -t yang:01 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584 kB Step 1/2 : FROM ubuntu:14.04 ---> 7c09e61e9035 Step 2/2 : CMD /bin/echo Hi world! ---> Running in 94e510f085d7 ---> 6b33c8a6a32f Removing intermediate container 94e510f085d7 Successfully built 6b33c8a6a32f [root@#localhost docker_file]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE yang 01 6b33c8a6a32f 5 seconds ago 188 MB update latest fd00d520a43e 29 minutes ago 165 MB ubuntu update 317f10258460 41 minutes ago 188 MB twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh 9.0.3 36172b5fefab 44 hours ago 1.19 GB gitlab/gitlab-ce latest 5eff2e44957c 2 days ago 1.11 GB mysql latest 9546ca122d3a 8 days ago 407 MB wordpress latest 4ad41adc2794 2 weeks ago 401 MB ubuntu 14.04 7c09e61e9035 5 weeks ago 188 MB daocloud.io/library/nginx 1.7.1 e3e043d3ed2f 2 years ago 499 MB [root@#localhost docker_file]#
构建实例
将flask应用 打包的镜像中
编写python程序 hellp.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/hi')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello World!'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)
编写Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:14.04 RUN apt-get update RUN apt-get install -y python RUN apt-get install -y python-pip RUN apt-get clean all RUN pip install flask ADD hello.py /tmp/hello.py EXPOSE 5000 CMD ["python","/tmp/hello.py"]
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