SpringBoot整合Hbase的实现示例

2020-12-20 11:46:08 作者：小夏陌

这篇文章主要介绍了SpringBoot整合Hbase的实现示例，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧

简介

当单表数据量过大的时候，关系性数据库会出现性能瓶颈，这时候我们就可以用NoSql，比如Hbase就是一个不错的解决方案。接下来是用Spring整合Hbase的实际案例，且在最后会给出整合中可能会出现的问题，以及解决方案。这里我是用本地Windows的IDEA，与局域网的伪分布Hbase集群做的连接，其中Hbase集群包括的组件有：Jdk1.8、Hadoop2.7.6、ZooKeeper3.4.10、Hbase2.0.1，因为这里只是开发环境，所以做一个伪分布的就好，之后部署的时候再按生产环境要求来即可

整合步骤

目录结构

在这里插入图片描述

pom.xml

这里要导入Hbase连接所需要包，需要找和你Hbase版本一致的包

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
 <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
 <version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>

hbase-site.xml

我是用的配置文件连接方法，这个配置文件你在hbase的安装目录下的conf目录就可以找到，然后你直接把它复制到项目的resources目录下就好，当然你也可以用application.properties配置文件外加注入和代码的方式代替这个配置文件

HBaseConfig.java

这里因为只需连接Hbase就没连接Hadoop，如果要连接Hadoop，Windows下还要下载winutils.exe工具，后面会介绍

@Configuration
public class HBaseConfig {
 @Bean
 public HBaseService getHbaseService() {
  //设置临时的hadoop环境变量，之后程序会去这个目录下的\bin目录下找winutils.exe工具，windows连接hadoop时会用到
  //System.setProperty("hadoop.home.dir", "D:\\Program Files\\Hadoop");
  //执行此步时，会去resources目录下找相应的配置文件，例如hbase-site.xml
  org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
  return new HBaseService(conf);
 }
}

HBaseService.java

这是做连接后的一些操作可以参考之后自己写一下

public class HBaseService {
 private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HBaseService.class);
 /**
  * 管理员可以做表以及数据的增删改查功能
  */
 private Admin admin = null;
 private Connection connection = null;
 public HBaseService(Configuration conf) {
  try {
   connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
   admin = connection.getAdmin();
  } catch (IOException e) {
   log.error("获取HBase连接失败!");
  }
 }
 /**
  * 创建表 create <table>, {NAME => <column family>, VERSIONS => <VERSIONS>}
  */
 public boolean creatTable(String tableName, List<String> columnFamily) {
  try {
   //列族column family
   List<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cfDesc = new ArrayList<>(columnFamily.size());
   columnFamily.forEach(cf -> {
    cfDesc.add(ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(
      Bytes.toBytes(cf)).build());
   });
   //表 table
   TableDescriptor tableDesc = TableDescriptorBuilder
     .newBuilder(TableName.valueOf(tableName))
     .setColumnFamilies(cfDesc).build();
   if (admin.tableExists(TableName.valueOf(tableName))) {
    log.debug("table Exists!");
   } else {
    admin.createTable(tableDesc);
    log.debug("create table Success!");
   }
  } catch (IOException e) {
   log.error(MessageFormat.format("创建表{0}失败", tableName), e);
   return false;
  } finally {
   close(admin, null, null);
  }
  return true;
 }
 /**
  * 查询所有表的表名
  */
 public List<String> getAllTableNames() {
  List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
  try {
   TableName[] tableNames = admin.listTableNames();
   for (TableName tableName : tableNames) {
    result.add(tableName.getNameAsString());
   }
  } catch (IOException e) {
   log.error("获取所有表的表名失败", e);
  } finally {
   close(admin, null, null);
  }
  return result;
 }
 /**
  * 遍历查询指定表中的所有数据
  */
 public Map<String, Map<String, String>> getResultScanner(String tableName) {
  Scan scan = new Scan();
  return this.queryData(tableName, scan);
 }
 /**
  * 通过表名及过滤条件查询数据
  */
 private Map<String, Map<String, String>> queryData(String tableName, Scan scan) {
  // <rowKey,对应的行数据>
  Map<String, Map<String, String>> result = new HashMap<>();
  ResultScanner rs = null;
  //获取表
  Table table = null;
  try {
   table = getTable(tableName);
   rs = table.getScanner(scan);
   for (Result r : rs) {
    // 每一行数据
    Map<String, String> columnMap = new HashMap<>();
    String rowKey = null;
    // 行键，列族和列限定符一起确定一个单元（Cell）
    for (Cell cell : r.listCells()) {
     if (rowKey == null) {
      rowKey = Bytes.toString(cell.getRowArray(), cell.getRowOffset(), cell.getRowLength());
     }
     columnMap.put(
       //列限定符
       Bytes.toString(cell.getQualifierArray(), cell.getQualifierOffset(), cell.getQualifierLength()),
       //列族
       Bytes.toString(cell.getValueArray(), cell.getValueOffset(), cell.getValueLength()));
    }
    if (rowKey != null) {
     result.put(rowKey, columnMap);
    }
   }
  } catch (IOException e) {
   log.error(MessageFormat.format("遍历查询指定表中的所有数据失败,tableName:{0}", tableName), e);
  } finally {
   close(null, rs, table);
  }
  return result;
 }
 /**
  * 为表添加或者更新数据
  */
 public void putData(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName, String[] columns, String[] values) {
  Table table = null;
  try {
   table = getTable(tableName);
   putData(table, rowKey, tableName, familyName, columns, values);
  } catch (Exception e) {
   log.error(MessageFormat.format("为表添加 or 更新数据失败,tableName:{0},rowKey:{1},familyName:{2}", tableName, rowKey, familyName), e);
  } finally {
   close(null, null, table);
  }
 }
 private void putData(Table table, String rowKey, String tableName, String familyName, String[] columns, String[] values) {
  try {
   //设置rowkey
   Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
   if (columns != null && values != null && columns.length == values.length) {
    for (int i = 0; i < columns.length; i++) {
     if (columns[i] != null && values[i] != null) {
      put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(familyName), Bytes.toBytes(columns[i]), Bytes.toBytes(values[i]));
     } else {
      throw new NullPointerException(MessageFormat.format(
        "列名和列数据都不能为空,column:{0},value:{1}", columns[i], values[i]));
     }
    }
   }
   table.put(put);
   log.debug("putData add or update data Success,rowKey:" + rowKey);
   table.close();
  } catch (Exception e) {
   log.error(MessageFormat.format(
     "为表添加 or 更新数据失败,tableName:{0},rowKey:{1},familyName:{2}",
     tableName, rowKey, familyName), e);
  }
 }
 /**
  * 根据表名获取table
  */
 private Table getTable(String tableName) throws IOException {
  return connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
 }

 /**
  * 关闭流
  */
 private void close(Admin admin, ResultScanner rs, Table table) {
  if (admin != null) {
   try {
    admin.close();
   } catch (IOException e) {
    log.error("关闭Admin失败", e);
   }
   if (rs != null) {
    rs.close();
   }
   if (table != null) {
    rs.close();
   }
   if (table != null) {
    try {
     table.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
     log.error("关闭Table失败", e);
    }
   }
  }
 }
}

HBaseApplicationTests.java

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
class HBaseApplicationTests {
 @Resource
 private HBaseService hbaseService;
 //测试创建表
 @Test
 public void testCreateTable() {
  hbaseService.creatTable("test_base", Arrays.asList("a", "back"));
 }
 //测试加入数据
 @Test
 public void testPutData() {
  hbaseService.putData("test_base", "000001", "a", new String[]{
    "project_id", "varName", "coefs", "pvalues", "tvalues",
    "create_time"}, new String[]{"40866", "mob_3", "0.9416",
    "0.0000", "12.2293", "null"});
  hbaseService.putData("test_base", "000002", "a", new String[]{
    "project_id", "varName", "coefs", "pvalues", "tvalues",
    "create_time"}, new String[]{"40866", "idno_prov", "0.9317",
    "0.0000", "9.8679", "null"});
  hbaseService.putData("test_base", "000003", "a", new String[]{
    "project_id", "varName", "coefs", "pvalues", "tvalues",
    "create_time"}, new String[]{"40866", "education", "0.8984",
    "0.0000", "25.5649", "null"});
 }
 //测试遍历全表
 @Test
 public void testGetResultScanner() {
  Map<String, Map<String, String>> result2 = hbaseService.getResultScanner("test_base");
  System.out.println("-----遍历查询全表内容-----");
  result2.forEach((k, value) -> {
   System.out.println(k + "--->" + value);
  });
 }
}