Django利用elasticsearch(搜索引擎)实现搜索功能
作者：天降攻城狮
这篇文章主要介绍了Django利用elasticsearch(搜索引擎)实现搜索功能，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
1、在Django配置搜索结果页的路由映射
"""pachong URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^/pre>, views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^/pre>, Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^/pre>, views.indexluoji),
url(r'^index/', views.indexluoji),
url(r'^suggest//pre>, views.suggestluoji,name="suggest"), # 搜索字段补全请求
url(r'^search//pre>, views.searchluoji,name="search"), # 搜索
]
2、编写逻辑处理函数
在逻辑处理函数里实现搜索数据
（1）获取到用户的搜索词
（2）利用原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口，实现搜索，注明：elasticsearch-dsl就是在原生的elasticsearch上做了封装
Elasticsearch()方法，连接原生的elasticsearch服务器
search()方法，原生elasticsearch查询方法，支持原生的elasticsearch查询语句，返回的原生语句结果也就是字典形式的数据
在查询语句里进行关键词高亮处理
将查询到的结果，循环获取到后返回到html页面
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views.generic.base import View
from app1.models import lagouType # 导入操作elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类
import json
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch # 导入原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口
client = Elasticsearch(hosts=["127.0.0.1"]) # 连接原生的elasticsearch
def indexluoji(request):
print(request.method) # 获取用户请求的路径
return render(request, 'index.html')
def suggestluoji(request): # 搜索自动补全逻辑处理
key_words = request.GET.get('s', '') # 获取到请求词
re_datas = []
if key_words:
s = lagouType.search() # 实例化elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类的search查询
s = s.suggest('my_suggest', key_words, completion={
"field": "suggest", "fuzzy": {
"fuzziness": 1
},
"size": 5
})
suggestions = s.execute_suggest()
for match in suggestions.my_suggest[0].options:
source = match._source
re_datas.append(source["title"])
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(re_datas), content_type="application/json")
def searchluoji(request): # 搜索逻辑处理
key_words = request.GET.get('q', '') # 获取到请求词
response = client.search( # 原生的elasticsearch接口的search()方法，就是搜索，可以支持原生elasticsearch语句查询
index="lagou", # 设置索引名称
doc_type="biao", # 设置表名称
body={ # 书写elasticsearch语句
"query": {
"multi_match": { # multi_match查询
"query": key_words, # 查询关键词
"fields": ["title", "description"] # 查询字段
}
},
"from": 0, # 从第几条开始获取
"size": 10, # 获取多少条数据
"highlight": { # 查询关键词高亮处理
"pre_tags": ['<span class="keyWord">'], # 高亮开始标签
"post_tags": ['</span>'], # 高亮结束标签
"fields": { # 高亮设置
"title": {}, # 高亮字段
"description": {} # 高亮字段
}
}
}
)
total_nums = response["hits"]["total"] # 获取查询结果的总条数
hit_list = [] # 设置一个列表来储存搜索到的信息，返回给html页面
for hit in response["hits"]["hits"]: # 循环查询到的结果
hit_dict = {} # 设置一个字典来储存循环结果
if "title" in hit["highlight"]: # 判断title字段，如果高亮字段有类容
hit_dict["title"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["title"]) # 获取高亮里的title
else:
hit_dict["title"] = hit["_source"]["title"] # 否则获取不是高亮里的title
if "description" in hit["highlight"]: # 判断description字段，如果高亮字段有类容
hit_dict["description"] = "".join(hit["highlight"]["description"])[:500] # 获取高亮里的description
else:
hit_dict["description"] = hit["_source"]["description"] # 否则获取不是高亮里的description
hit_dict["url"] = hit["_source"]["url"] # 获取返回url
hit_list.append(hit_dict) # 将获取到内容的字典，添加到列表
return render(request, 'result.html', {"all_hits": hit_list, "key_words": key_words}) #显示页面和将列表和搜索词返回到html
3、html页面接收搜索结果
注意：因为Django实现了防止恶意代码写入，凡是通过变量传输到html页面的html类型代码，将会被自动转换成字符串方式显示，索引我们需要在接收变量的字段用：{% autoescape off %} {{ 接收变量 }} {% endautoescape %}，来显示html代码，
搜索后因为进行了一次跳转，所以搜索框里的搜索词将不存在，我们需要在传递搜索结果到页面的时候，将搜索词也传递进来填充到搜索框
<!DOCTYPE html >
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
{#引入静态文件路径#}
{% load staticfiles %}
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=emulateIE7" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>python-lcv-search搜索引擎</title>
<link href="{% static 'css/style.css'%}" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="{% static 'css/result.css'%}" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<div id="hd" class="ue-clear">
<a href="/" rel="external nofollow" ><div class="logo"></div></a>
<div class="inputArea">
<input type="text" class="searchInput" value="{{ key_words }}"/>
<input type="button" class="searchButton" onclick="add_search()"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav">
<ul class="searchList">
<li class="searchItem current" data-type="article">文章</li>
<li class="searchItem" data-type="question">问答</li>
<li class="searchItem" data-type="job">职位</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="bd" class="ue-clear">
<div id="main">
<div class="sideBar">
<div class="subfield">网站</div>
<ul class="subfieldContext">
<li>
<span class="name">伯乐在线</span>
<span class="unit">(None)</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="name">知乎</span>
<span class="unit">(9862)</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="name">拉勾网</span>
<span class="unit">(9862)</span>
</li>
<li class="more">
<a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
<span class="text">更多</span>
<i class="moreIcon"></i>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="sideBarShowHide">
<a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="icon"></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="resultArea">
<p class="resultTotal">
<span class="info">找到约 <span class="totalResult">45</span> 条结果(用时<span class="time">0.643128</span>秒)，共约<span class="totalPage">5</span>页</span>
</p>
<div class="resultList">
{% for hit in all_hits %}
<div class="resultItem">
<div class="itemHead">
<a href="{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.url }} {% endautoescape %}" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" class="title">{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.title }} {% endautoescape %}</a>
<span class="divsion">-</span>
<span class="fileType">
<span class="label">来源：</span>
<span class="value">网络</span>
</span>
<span class="dependValue">
<span class="label">得分：</span>
<span class="value">3.401155</span>
</span>
</div>
<div class="itemBody">
{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.description }} {% endautoescape %}
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
<!-- 分页 -->
<div class="pagination ue-clear"></div>
<!-- 相关搜索 -->
</div>
<div class="historyArea">
<div class="hotSearch">
<h6>热门搜索</h6>
<ul class="historyList">
<li><a href="/search?q=linux" rel="external nofollow" >linux</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mySearch">
<h6>我的搜索</h6>
<ul class="historyList">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- End of main -->
</div><!--End of bd-->
</div>
<div id="foot">Copyright ©projectsedu.com 版权所有 E-mail:admin@projectsedu.com</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/jquery.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/global.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/pagination.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var search_url = "/search/"
$('.searchList').on('click', '.searchItem', function(){
$('.searchList .searchItem').removeClass('current');
$(this).addClass('current');
});
$.each($('.subfieldContext'), function(i, item){
$(this).find('li:gt(2)').hide().end().find('li:last').show();
});
function removeByValue(arr, val) {
for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
if(arr[i] == val) {
arr.splice(i, 1);
break;
}
}
}
$('.subfieldContext .more').click(function(e){
var $more = $(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more');
if($more.hasClass('show')){
if($(this).hasClass('define')){
$(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').removeClass('show').find('.text').text('自定义');
}else{
$(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').removeClass('show').find('.text').text('更多');
}
$(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('li:gt(2)').hide().end().find('li:last').show();
}else{
$(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('.more').addClass('show').find('.text').text('收起');
$(this).parent('.subfieldContext').find('li:gt(2)').show();
}
});
$('.sideBarShowHide a').click(function(e) {
if($('#main').hasClass('sideBarHide')){
$('#main').removeClass('sideBarHide');
$('#container').removeClass('sideBarHide');
}else{
$('#main').addClass('sideBarHide');
$('#container').addClass('sideBarHide');
}
});
var key_words = "java"
//分页
$(".pagination").pagination(45, {
current_page :0, //当前页码
items_per_page :10,
display_msg :true,
callback :pageselectCallback
});
function pageselectCallback(page_id, jq) {
window.location.href=search_url+'?q='+key_words+'&p='+page_id
}
setHeight();
$(window).resize(function(){
setHeight();
});
function setHeight(){
if($('#container').outerHeight() < $(window).height()){
$('#container').height($(window).height()-33);
}
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$('.searchList').on('click', '.searchItem', function(){
$('.searchList .searchItem').removeClass('current');
$(this).addClass('current');
});
// 联想下拉显示隐藏
$('.searchInput').on('focus', function(){
$('.dataList').show()
});
// 联想下拉点击
$('.dataList').on('click', 'li', function(){
var text = $(this).text();
$('.searchInput').val(text);
$('.dataList').hide()
});
hideElement($('.dataList'), $('.searchInput'));
</script>
<script>
var searchArr;
//定义一个search的，判断浏览器有无数据存储（搜索历史）
if(localStorage.search){
//如果有，转换成 数组的形式存放到searchArr的数组里（localStorage以字符串的形式存储，所以要把它转换成数组的形式）
searchArr= localStorage.search.split(",")
}else{
//如果没有，则定义searchArr为一个空的数组
searchArr = [];
}
//把存储的数据显示出来作为搜索历史
MapSearchArr();
function add_search(){
var val = $(".searchInput").val();
if (val.length>=2){
//点击搜索按钮时，去重
KillRepeat(val);
//去重后把数组存储到浏览器localStorage
localStorage.search = searchArr;
//然后再把搜索内容显示出来
MapSearchArr();
}
window.location.href=search_url+'?q='+val+"&s_type="+$(".searchItem.current").attr('data-type')
}
function MapSearchArr(){
var tmpHtml = "";
var arrLen = 0
if (searchArr.length > 6){
arrLen = 6
}else {
arrLen = searchArr.length
}
for (var i=0;i<arrLen;i++){
tmpHtml += '<li><a href="/search?q='+searchArr[i]+'" rel="external nofollow" >'+searchArr[i]+'</a></li>'
}
$(".mySearch .historyList").append(tmpHtml);
}
//去重
function KillRepeat(val){
var kill = 0;
for (var i=0;i<searchArr.length;i++){
if(val===searchArr[i]){
kill ++;
}
}
if(kill<1){
searchArr.unshift(val);
}else {
removeByValue(searchArr, val)
searchArr.unshift(val)
}
}
</script>
</html>
最终效果
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