Spring Boot 集成Shiro的多realm实现以及shiro基本入门教程
作者:山水尚书
情景
我的项目中有六个用户角色(学校管理员,学生等),需要进行分别登陆。如果在一个realm中,对controller封装好的Token进行Service验证,需要在此realm中注入六个数据库操作对象,然后写一堆if语句来判断应该使用那个Service服务,然后再在验证方法(doGetAuthorizationInfo)中写一堆if来进行分别授权,这样写不仅会让代码可读性会非常低而且很难后期维护修改(刚写完的时候只有上帝和你能看懂你写的是什么,一个月之后你写的是什么就只有上帝能看懂了)。
所以一定要配置多个realm来分别进行认证授权操作。shiro有对多个realm的处理,当配置了多个Realm时,shiro会用自带的org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator类的doAuthenticate方法来进行realm判断,源码:
protected AuthenticationInfo doAuthenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { assertRealmsConfigured(); Collection<Realm> realms = getRealms(); if (realms.size() == 1) { return doSingleRealmAuthentication(realms.iterator().next(), authenticationToken); } else { return doMultiRealmAuthentication(realms, authenticationToken); } }
assertRealmsConfigured();的作用是验证realm列表是否为空,如果一个realm也没有则会抛出IllegalStateException异常(爆红:Configuration error: No realms have been configured! One or more realms must be present to execute an authentication attempt.)
当realm只有一个时直接返回,当realm有多个时返回所有的realm。而我们要做的就是写多个realm后重写ModularRealmAuthenticator下的doAuthenticate方法,使它能满足我们的项目需求。
那么改怎么重写ModularRealmAuthenticator下的doAuthenticate方法,使它能满足我们的项目需求呢?这就需要分析我们使用shiro的使用方法了。
shiro的使用
1.Controller层中,获取当前用户后将用户名和密码封装UsernamePasswordToken对象,然后调用Subject中的登陆方法subject.login(UsernamePasswordToken)
@RequestMapping("/user/login") @ResponseBody public String Login(String userName,String password){ //获取当前用户 subject Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); //封装用户的登陆数据 UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(userName, password); try{ subject.login(token);//执行登陆方法 return "登陆成功"; }catch (UnknownAccountException e){//用户名不存在 model.addAttribute("msg","用户名不存在"); return "用户名不存在"; }catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){//密码错误 model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误"); return "密码错误"; } }
(为了测试方便,我用了@ResponseBody返回字符串)
2.完善自定义Realm类,继承于AuthorizingRealm,主要实现doGetAuthorizationInfo和doGetAuthenticationInfo方法
(需要实现认证和授权方法,在这里方便测试主要是认证)
public class StudentRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { @Resource private StudentsService studentsService; //授权 @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) { return null; } //认证 @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { System.out.println("Shiro=========Student认证"); UserToken userToken = (UserToken) token; Students students = studentsService.queryByNum(userToken.getUsername()); //账号不存在 if (students == null) { System.out.println("学生不存在"); //向上层提交UnknownAccountException异常,在controller层处理 throw new UnknownAccountException(); } //密码认证,shiro来做,可以自定义加密方式 return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", students.getPassword(), USER_LOGIN_TYPE); } }
3.配置shiro,将realm配置进shiro(很多教程是使用xml配置或者ini配置,在这里用java代码配置,功能都是一样的,看个人习惯了)
@Configuration public class ShiroConfig { @Bean public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) { ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean(); //设置安全管理器 bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager); return bean; } //DefaultWebSecurityManager 默认web安全管理器 @Bean(name = "securityManager") public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm) { DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(); //关联realm securityManager.setRealm(userRealm); return securityManager; } //创建自定义 realm @Bean public UserRealm userRealm() { return new UserRealm(); } }
记得加@Configuration注解!!!!!!!
经过以上三步,可以看出shiro的简略工作流程(非常简略)就是,在web 启动阶段,读取
@Configuration注解将自定义的ream配置进默认web安全管理器(DefaultWebSecurityManager)然后将DefaultWebSecurityManager与ShiroFilterFactoryBean相关联。
当用户登陆时,从前端拿到username和password,封装好Token后,进入realm进行认证和授权,而realm就来自于刚才的shiro的DefaultWebSecurityManager配置
多realm实现原理
根据上面的shiro简略流程可知,shiro配置中写入多个realm后,在controller提交token时,只要多携带一个参数,用来进行org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator类的doAuthenticate(重写后)的验证即可明确应该用那个realm。那么,我们需要重写org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken(令其携带身份参数用于选择realm)和org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator(令其根据token中的身份参数来进行选择realm)即可。
多realm实现具体操作
1.写多个自定义的realm
public class AdminRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { @Resource private AdminService adminService; private static final String USER_LOGIN_TYPE = UserType.AdminRealm; @Override public String getName() { return UserType.AdminRealm; } @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) { return null; } @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { System.out.println("Shiro=========Admin认证"); UserToken userToken = (UserToken) token; Admin admin = adminService.queryById(userToken.getUsername()); if(admin == null){ System.out.println("管理员不存在"); throw new UnknownAccountException(); } return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", admin.getAdminpassword(), USER_LOGIN_TYPE); } }
2.创建静态变量类(用于realm选择)
public class UserType { //实习学校管理员 public static final String SchoolAdminRealm = "schooladminrealm"; //学生 public static final String StudentRealm ="studentrealm"; //管理员 public static final String AdminRealm ="adminrealm_1"; //导员 public static final String InstructorRealm ="instructorrealm"; //实习带队老师 public static final String UniversityteacherRealm ="universityteacherrealm"; //实习指导老师 public static final String SchoolTeacherRealm ="schoolteacherrealm"; }
3.重写UsernamePasswordToken,令其可以携带身份参数
@Component public class UserModularRealmAuthenticator extends ModularRealmAuthenticator { @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doAuthenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) { // 判断getRealms()是否返回为空,ModularRealmAuthenticator 自带 assertRealmsConfigured(); // 强制转换回自定义的UserToken UserToken token = (UserToken) authenticationToken; String loginType = token.getLoginType(); Collection<Realm> realms = getRealms(); for (Realm realm : realms) { System.out.println(realm.getName().toLowerCase()); if (realm.getName().toLowerCase().contains(loginType)){ //找到登录类型对应的指定Realm return doSingleRealmAuthentication(realm, token); } } //没找到正确的realm的异常处理 String msg = "Configuration error: Didn't find the right realm"; throw new IllegalStateException(msg); } }
4.shiro的配置中写入自定义的realm,还有其它配置
@Configuration public class ShiroConfig { @Bean public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) { ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean(); //设置安全管理器 bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager); return bean; } //DefaultWebSecurityManager @Bean(name = "securityManager") public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager( @Qualifier("schoolAdminRealm") SchoolAdminRealm schoolAdminRealm, @Qualifier("studentRealm") StudentRealm studentRealm, @Qualifier("adminRealm") AdminRealm adminRealm, @Qualifier("schoolTeacherRealm") SchoolTeacherRealm schoolTeacherRealm, @Qualifier("instructorRealm") InstructorRealm instructorRealm, @Qualifier("universityteacherRealm") UniversityteacherRealm universityteacherRealm, @Qualifier("userModularRealmAuthenticator") UserModularRealmAuthenticator userModularRealmAuthenticator ) { DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(); securityManager.setAuthenticator(userModularRealmAuthenticator); /**关联realm *securityManager.setRealm() 是配置单个realm,不可用它配置多个realm *securityManager.setRealms()配置多个realm, *List<Realm> realms可以直接被set进去 */ List<Realm> realms = new ArrayList<Realm>(); realms.add(schoolAdminRealm); realms.add(studentRealm); realms.add(adminRealm); realms.add(schoolTeacherRealm); realms.add(instructorRealm); realms.add(universityteacherRealm); securityManager.setRealms(realms); System.out.println(securityManager.getRealms().toString()); return securityManager; } //实习学校管理员 @Bean(name = "schoolAdminRealm") public SchoolAdminRealm SchoolAdminRealm() { return new SchoolAdminRealm(); } //学生 @Bean(name = "studentRealm") public StudentRealm StudentRealm() { return new StudentRealm(); } //管理员 @Bean(name = "adminRealm") public AdminRealm AdminRealm() { return new AdminRealm(); } //导员 @Bean(name = "instructorRealm") public InstructorRealm InstructorRealm() { return new InstructorRealm(); } //实习带队老师 @Bean(name = "universityteacherRealm") public UniversityteacherRealm UniversityteacherRealm() { return new UniversityteacherRealm(); } //实习指导老师 @Bean(name = "schoolTeacherRealm") public SchoolTeacherRealm SchoolTeacherRealm() { return new SchoolTeacherRealm(); } }
5.在controller中使用重写后的UsernamePasswordToken(UserToken)即可
//管理员登陆 @RequestMapping(value = "/AdminLogin", produces = "text/html;charset=UTF-8") @ResponseBody//为了测试方便,返回字符串 public String AdminLogin( @RequestParam(value = "username") String username, @RequestParam(value = "password") String password) { //获取当前用户 subject Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); //封装用户的登陆数据 UserToken token = new UserToken(username, Md5.getMd5(password), USER_LOGIN_TYPE); try { System.out.println("AdminLogin"); subject.login(token);//执行登陆方法 return null; } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {//用户名不存在 System.out.println("用户名错误"); return null; } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {//密码错误 System.out.println("密码错误"); return null; }
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