浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式
作者：ouyangjun__
这篇文章主要介绍了浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式，具有很好的参考价值，希望对大家有所帮助。一起跟随小编过来看看吧
一）URL代理请求
该方式请求有两种代理方式。
方式一：使用该方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都会使用代理请求
// 对http开启全局代理
System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "80");
// 对https开启全局代理
System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "80");
方式二：适用于只有部分接口需要代理请求场景
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80));
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun");
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
二）无参数GET请求
方法解析：
HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);
requestURL：请求路径，必填
proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null
proxyPort：代理端口，可为null
说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。
实现源码：
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* http请求工具类
* @author ouyangjun
*/
public class HttpGetUtils {
/**
* http get请求, 不带参数
* @param requestURL
* @param method
* @return
*/
public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
// 记录信息
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(requestURL);
// 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
// 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
// 对http开启全局代理
//System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
//System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
// 对https开启全局代理
//System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
//System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
// 代理访问http请求
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} else {
// 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
// 设置请求的属性
conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出
conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种
conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
// 读取数据
InputStream is = null;
InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
is = conn.getInputStream();
inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
String temp;
while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(temp);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
} finally {
try {
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();
}
if (inputReader != null) {
inputReader.close();
}
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
}
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
if (conn != null) {
conn.disconnect();
}
}
// 返回信息
return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
}
}
三）带参数POST请求
方法解析：
HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);
requestURL：请求路径，必填
params：请求参数，必填，数据格式为JSON
proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null
proxyPort：代理端口，可为null
说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。
实现源码：
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* http请求工具类
* @author ouyangjun
*/
public class HttpPostUtils {
/**
* http post请求, 带参数
* @param requestURL
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
// 记录信息
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(requestURL);
// 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
// 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
// 对http开启全局代理
//System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
//System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
// 对https开启全局代理
//System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
//System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
// 代理访问http请求
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} else {
// 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
// 设置请求的属性
conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出
conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种
conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以输入
if (params != null) {
// 设置参数为json格式
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
// 写入参数信息
OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
try {
os.write(params.getBytes("UTF-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
} finally {
try {
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
}
}
}
// 读取数据
InputStream is = null;
InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
is = conn.getInputStream();
inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
String temp;
while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(temp);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
} finally {
try {
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();
}
if (inputReader != null) {
inputReader.close();
}
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
}
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
if (conn != null) {
conn.disconnect();
}
}
// 返回信息
return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
}
}
四）Http模拟测试
本案例是使用了微信公众号两个接口作为了测试案例。
appID和appsecret需要申请了微信公众号才能获取到。
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils;
public class TestHttp {
private final static String WECHAT_APPID=""; // appid, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
private final static String WECHAT_APPSECRET=""; // appsecret, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 获取微信公众号token
getWeChatToken();
// 修改用户备注信息
String token = "31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX";
String openid = "oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY";
updateUserRemark(token, openid);
}
/**
* 根据appid和appsecret获取微信token，返回json格式数据，需自行解析
* @return
*/
public static String getWeChatToken() {
String requestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+WECHAT_APPID+"&secret="+WECHAT_APPSECRET;
String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL, null, null);
System.out.println("wechat token: " + token);
return token;
}
/**
* 修改用户备注，返回json格式数据，需自行解析
* @param token
* @param openid
* @return
*/
public static String updateUserRemark(String token, String openid) {
String reuqestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?access_token="+token;
// 封装json参数
String jsonParams = "{\"openid\":\""+openid+"\",\"remark\":\"oysept\"}";
String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL, jsonParams, null, null);
System.out.println("msg: " + msg);
return jsonParams;
}
}
补充知识：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 设置请求参数的三种方法 实践总结
我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~
/**
* the first way to set params
* OutputStream
*/
byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
// 发送请求params参数
OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
outStream.write(bytesParams);
outStream.flush();
/**
* the second way to set params
* PrintWriter
*/
PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
// 发送请求params参数
printWriter.write(paramsStr);
printWriter.flush();
/**
* the third way to set params
* OutputStreamWriter
*/
OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
// 发送请求params参数
out.write(paramsStr);
out.flush();
demo：
/**
* @param pathurl
* @param paramsStr
* @return
*/
private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl, String paramsStr) {
String backStr = "";
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(pathurl);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.setConnectTimeout(50000);
connection.setReadTimeout(50000);
// User-Agent IE11 的标识
connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko");
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
/**
* 当我们要获取我们请求的http地址访问的数据时就是使用connection.getInputStream().read()方式时我们就需要setDoInput(true)，
根据api文档我们可知doInput默认就是为true。我们可以不用手动设置了，如果不需要读取输入流的话那就setDoInput(false)。
当我们要采用非get请求给一个http网络地址传参 就是使用connection.getOutputStream().write() 方法时我们就需要setDoOutput(true), 默认是false
*/
// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true;
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，如果是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认是false;
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setUseCaches(false);
/**
* the first way to set params
* OutputStream
*/
/* byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
// 发送请求params参数
OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
outStream.write(bytesParams);
outStream.flush();
*/
/**
* the second way to set params
* PrintWriter
*/
/* PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
// 发送请求params参数
printWriter.write(paramsStr);
printWriter.flush();*/
/**
* the third way to set params
* OutputStreamWriter
*/
OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
// 发送请求params参数
out.write(paramsStr);
out.flush();
connection.connect();//
int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//会隐式调用connect()
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int readLen;
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
baos.write(bytes, 0, readLen);
}
backStr = baos.toString();
Log.i(TAG, "backStr:" + backStr);
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "请求失败 code:" + connection.getResponseCode());
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (baos != null) {
baos.close();
}
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return backStr;
}
以上这篇浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。