Django 实现 Websocket 广播、点对点发送消息的代码
作者:初心ya
1.Django
实现Websocket
使用Django
来实现Websocket
服务的方法很多在这里我们推荐技术最新的Channels
库来实现
1.1.安装DjangoChannels
Channels
安装如果你是Windows
操作系统的话,那么必要条件就是Python3.7
pip install channels
1.2.配置DjangoChannels
1.创建项目ChannelsReady
django-admin startprobject ChannelsReady
2.在项目的settings.py
同级目录中,新建文件routing.py
# routing.py from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter application = ProtocolTypeRouter({ # 暂时为空 })
3.在项目配置文件settings.py
中写入
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'channels' ] ASGI_APPLICATION = "ChannelsReady.routing.application"
1.3.启动带有Channels
提供的ASGI
的Django
项目
You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
February 01, 2020 - 17:27:13
Django version 3.0.2, using settings 'ChannelsReady.settings'
Starting ASGI/Channels version 2.4.0 development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
很明显可以看到ASGI/Channels
,这样就算启动完成了
1.4.创建Websocket
服务
1.创建一个新的应用chats
python manage.py startapp chats
2.在settings.py
中注册chats
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'chats', 'channels' ]
3.在chats
应用中新建文件chatService.py
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer # 这里除了 WebsocketConsumer 之外还有 # JsonWebsocketConsumer # AsyncWebsocketConsumer # AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer # WebsocketConsumer 与 JsonWebsocketConsumer 就是多了一个可以自动处理JSON的方法 # AsyncWebsocketConsumer 与 AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer 也是多了一个JSON的方法 # AsyncWebsocketConsumer 与 WebsocketConsumer 才是重点 # 看名称似乎理解并不难 Async 无非就是异步带有 async / await # 是的理解并没有错,但对与我们来说他们唯一不一样的地方,可能就是名字的长短了,用法是一模一样的 # 最夸张的是,基类是同一个,而且这个基类的方法也是Async异步的 class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 当Websocket创建连接时 def connect(self): pass # 当Websocket接收到消息时 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): pass # 当Websocket发生断开连接时 def disconnect(self, code): pass
1.5.为Websocket
处理对象增加路由
1.在chats
应用中,新建urls.py
from django.urls import path from chats.chatService import ChatService websocket_url = [ path("ws/",ChatService) ]
2.回到项目routing.py
文件中增加ASGI
非HTTP
请求处理
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter,URLRouter from chats.urls import websocket_url application = ProtocolTypeRouter({ "websocket":URLRouter( websocket_url ) })
总结:
- 下载
- 注册到setting.py里的app
- 在setting.py同级的目录下注册channels使用的路由----->routing.py
- 将routing.py注册到setting.py
- 把urls.py的路由注册到routing.py里
- 编写wsserver.py来处理websocket请求
<template> <div> <input type="text" v-model="message"> <p><input type="button" @click="send" value="发送"></p> <p><input type="button" @click="close_socket" value="关闭"></p> </div> </template> <script> export default { name:'websocket1', data() { return { message:'', testsocket:'' } }, methods:{ send(){ // send 发送信息 // close 关闭连接 this.testsocket.send(this.message) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data); } }, close_socket(){ this.testsocket.close() } }, mounted(){ this.testsocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/") // onopen 定义打开时的函数 // onclose 定义关闭时的函数 // onmessage 定义接收数据时候的函数 // this.testsocket.onopen = function(){ // console.log("开始连接socket") // }, // this.testsocket.onclose = function(){ // console.log("socket连接已经关闭") // } } } </script>
3.广播消息
3.1客户端保持不变,同时打开多个客户端
3.2服务端存储每个链接的对象
socket_list = [] class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 当Websocket创建连接时 def connect(self): self.accept() socket_list.append(self) # 当Websocket接收到消息时 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): print(text_data) # 打印收到的数据 for ws in socket_list: # 遍历所有的WebsocketConsumer对象 ws.send(text_data) # 对每一个WebsocketConsumer对象发送数据
4.点对点消息
4.1客户端将用户名拼接到url,并在发送的消息里指明要发送的对象
<template> <div> <input type="text" v-model="message"> <input type="text" v-model="user"> <p><input type="button" @click="send" value="发送"></p> <p><input type="button" @click="close_socket" value="关闭"></p> </div> </template> <script> export default { name:'websocket1', data() { return { message:'', testsocket:'', user:'' } }, methods:{ send(){ // send 发送信息 // close 关闭连接 var data1 = {"message":this.message,"to_user":this.user} this.testsocket.send(JSON.stringify(data1)) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data); } }, close_socket(){ this.testsocket.close() }, generate_uuid: function() { var d = new Date().getTime(); if (window.performance && typeof window.performance.now === "function") { d += performance.now(); //use high-precision timer if available } var uuid = "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace( /[xy]/g, function(c) { var r = (d + Math.random() * 16) % 16 | 0; d = Math.floor(d / 16); return (c == "x" ? r : (r & 0x3) | 0x8).toString(16); } ); return uuid; }, }, mounted(){ var username = this.generate_uuid(); console.log(username) this.testsocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/"+ username +"/") console.log(this.testsocket) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data); } // onopen 定义打开时的函数 // onclose 定义关闭时的函数 // onmessage 定义接收数据时候的函数 // this.testsocket.onopen = function(){ // console.log("开始连接socket") // }, // this.testsocket.onclose = function(){ // console.log("socket连接已经关闭") // } } } </script>
4.2服务端存储用户名以及websocketConsumer,然后给对应的用户发送信息
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer user_dict ={} list = [] import json class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 当Websocket创建连接时 def connect(self): self.accept() username = self.scope.get("url_route").get("kwargs").get("username") user_dict[username] =self print(user_dict) # list.append(self) # 当Websocket接收到消息时 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): data = json.loads(text_data) print(data) to_user = data.get("to_user") message = data.get("message") ws = user_dict.get(to_user) print(to_user) print(message) print(ws) ws.send(text_data) # 当Websocket发生断开连接时 def disconnect(self, code): pass
总结
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