Django 自定义权限管理系统详解(通过中间件认证)
作者：杨Zhu
这篇文章主要介绍了Django 自定义权限管理系统详解(通过中间件认证)，具有很好的参考价值，希望对大家有所帮助。一起跟随小编过来看看吧
1. 创建工程文件， 修改setting.py文件
django-admin.py startproject project_name
特别是在 windows 上，如果报错，尝试用 django-admin 代替 django-admin.py 试试
setting.py 最终的配置文件
import os
import sys
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps"))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '!g%gzw+-t8*+c2irzcm=r_#*x$q^(x-(^prn7wpnph3w#j$1gl'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'apps.system',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'libs.middleware.permission.permissionMiddleware'
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'iFactory.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'iFactory.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': "iFactory",
'USER': "postgres",
'PASSWORD': "postgres",
'HOST': "127.0.0.1",
'PORT': "5432",
'CONN_MAX_AGE': 5,
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh_Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'), )
# Session setting
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 30 * 60
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
# session_permisson_key
SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY = "perUrl"
SESSION_MENU_KEY = "menu"
MENU_ALL = "menuAll"
MENU_PERMISSON = "menuPer"
# permisson
LOGIN_URL = '/login/'
REGEX_URL = r'^{url}$' # url作严格匹配
SAFE_URL = [
'/login/',
]
2. 根目录创建apps文件夹（python包文件夹），创建应用system， 把应用放入到apps文件夹中
python manage.py startapp system， 在setting中的INSTALLED_APPS中添加对应的app
最终的目录结构
3. 修改system/model.py 文件
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Menu(models.Model):
'''
菜单
'''
title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
parent = models.ForeignKey("Menu", null=True, blank=True)
def __str__(self):
# 显示层级菜单
title_list = [self.title]
p = self.parent
while p:
title_list.insert(0, p.title)
p = p.parent
return '-'.join(title_list)
class Permission(models.Model):
'''
权限
'''
title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
url = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
menu = models.ForeignKey("Menu", null=True, blank=True)
# 定义菜单间的自引用关系
# 权限url 在 菜单下；菜单可以有父级菜单；还要支持用户创建菜单，因此需要定义parent字段（parent_id）
# blank=True 意味着在后台管理中填写可以为空，根菜单没有父级菜单
def __str__(self):
# 显示带菜单前缀的权限
return '{menu}---{permission}'.format(menu=self.menu, permission=self.title)
class Role(models.Model):
'''
角色：绑定权限
'''
title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
# 定义角色和权限的多对多关系
permissions = models.ManyToManyField("Permission")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class User(models.Model):
'''
用户 -- 角色划分
'''
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
email = models.EmailField()
is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_push_email = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_push_phone = models.BooleanField(default=True)
# create_datetime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# 定义用户和角色的多对多关系
roles = models.ManyToManyField("Role")
def __str__(self):
return '{username}---{phone}' \
''.format(username=self.username, phone=self.phone)
4. 数据库迁移
执行 python manage.py makemigrations system
执行python manage.py migrate system
5. 建立userService.py文件（文件位置看上图目录），代码如下：
from ..models import Menu
def init_user_permission(request, user):
'''
查询出用户的所有权限，进行分类写入session进行保存
:param request:
:param user:
:return:
'''
# 查询出用户的所有权限
permisson_item_list = user.roles.values('permissons__title',
'permissons__url',
'permissons__menu_id'
).distinct()
permisson_url_list = []
permisson_menu_list = []
all_menu_list = list(Menu.objects.values("id", "title", "parent_id"))
for permission_item in permisson_item_list:
permisson_url_list.append(permission_item["permissons__url"])
if permission_item["permissons__menu__id"]:
temp = {
"title": permission_item["permissons__title"],
"url": permission_item["permissons__url"],
"menu_id": permission_item["permissons__menu_id"]
}
permisson_menu_list.append(temp)
# 写入session
from django.conf import settings
request.session[settings.SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY] = permisson_url_list
request.session[settings.SESSION_MENU_KEY] = {
settings.MENU_ALL: all_menu_list,
settings.MENU_PERMISSON: permisson_menu_list,
}
6. 建立views_user.py 文件：
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponse
from apps.system.services import userService
from apps.system.models import User
def user_login(request):
'''
用户登录
:param request:
:return:
'''
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, "login.html")
else:
res = {}
username = request.POST.get("username")
password = request.POST.get("password")
user = User.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
if not user:
res["status"]= "false"
else:
userService.init_user_permission(request, user)
return JsonResponse(res)
注意： 以上的setting.py 增加的配置：
MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'libs.middleware.permission.permissionMiddleware' ]
# Session setting
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 30 * 60
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
# session_permisson_key
SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY = "perUrl"
SESSION_MENU_KEY = "menu"
MENU_ALL = "menuAll"
MENU_PERMISSON = "menuPer"
# permisson
LOGIN_URL = '/login/'
REGEX_URL = r'^{url}$' # url作严格匹配
SAFE_URL = [
'/login/',
]
以上这篇Django 自定义权限管理系统详解(通过中间件认证)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。