Javascript 的addEventListener()及attachEvent()区别分析
作者：
addEventListener的使用方式：
target.addEventListener(type, listener, useCapture);
target： 文档节点、document、window 或 XMLHttpRequest。
type： 字符串，事件名称，不含“on”，比如“click”、“mouseover”、“keydown”等。
listener ：实现了 EventListener 接口或者是 JavaScript 中的函数。
useCapture ：是否使用捕捉，一般用 false 。例如：document.getElementById("testText").addEventListener("keydown", function (event) { alert(event.keyCode); }, false);
IE中：
target.attachEvent(type, listener);
target： 文档节点、document、window 或 XMLHttpRequest。
type： 字符串，事件名称，含“on”，比如“onclick”、“onmouseover”、“onkeydown”等。
listener ：实现了 EventListener 接口或者是 JavaScript 中的函数。 例如：document.getElementById("txt").attachEvent("onclick",function(event){alert(event.keyCode);});
W3C 及 IE 同时支持移除指定的事件, 用途是移除设定的事件, 格式分别如下:
W3C格式:
removeEventListener(event,function,capture/bubble);
Windows IE的格式如下:
detachEvent(event,function);
target.addEventListener(type, listener, useCapture);
target 文档节点、document、window 或 XMLHttpRequest。
type 字符串，事件名称，不含“on”，比如“click”、“mouseover”、“keydown”等。
listener 实现了 EventListener 接口或者是 JavaScript 中的函数。
useCapture 是否使用捕捉，看了后面的事件流一节后就明白了，一般用 false
事件触发时，会将一个 Event 对象传递给事件处理程序，比如：
document.getElementById("testText").addEventListener("keydown", function (event) { alert(event.keyCode); }, false);
适应的浏览器版本不同，同时在使用的过程中要注意
attachEvent方法 按钮onclick IE中使用
addEventListener方法 按钮click fox中使用
两者使用的原理：可对执行的优先级不一样，下面实例讲解如下：
attachEvent方法，为某一事件附加其它的处理事件。（不支持Mozilla系列）
addEventListener方法 用于 Mozilla系列
举例: document.getElementById("btn").onclick = method1;
document.getElementById("btn").onclick = method2;
document.getElementById("btn").onclick = method3;如果这样写,那么将会只有medhot3被执行
写成这样：
var btn1Obj = document.getElementById("btn1"); //object.attachEvent(event,function);
btn1Obj.attachEvent("onclick",method1);
btn1Obj.attachEvent("onclick",method2);
btn1Obj.attachEvent("onclick",method3);执行顺序为method3->method2->method1
如果是Mozilla系列，并不支持该方法，需要用到addEventListener var btn1Obj = document.getElementById("btn1");
//element.addEventListener(type,listener,useCapture);
btn1Obj.addEventListener("click",method1,false);
btn1Obj.addEventListener("click",method2,false);
btn1Obj.addEventListener("click",method3,false);执行顺序为method1->method2->method3
实例：(要注意的是div必须放到js前面才行)
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div id="name1" style="border:1px solid red;padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;" style="border:1px solid red;padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;">
<div id="name2" style="border:1px solid green;padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;" style="border:1px solid green;padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;">点击</div>
</div>
<div id="info"></div>
<script type="text/javascript"><!--
var name1=document.getElementById('name1'); //要注意
var name2=document.getElementById('name2'); //要注意
var info=document.getElementById('info');
if(name1.attachEvent){ //对于attachEvent前面的target我们一定要保证不为空
name1.attachEvent('onclick',function () { info.innerHTML += "红色" + "<br>"; });
name2.attachEvent('onclick',function () { info.innerHTML += "绿色" + "<br>"; });
}else{
name1.addEventListener('click',function () { info.innerHTML += "红色" + "<br>"; },false);
name2.addEventListener('click',function () { info.innerHTML += "绿色" + "<br>"; },false);
}
// --></script>
</body>
</html>
从W3C的发展时间轴来看, DOM(Document Object Model)的模型可以分为两种, DOM 0 及 DOM 2. 从数字来看就可以知道DOM 0 当然是比较旧的协议, 我们可以从以下的表格来看:
DOM1 协定:
|
Event Name |
Description |
|
onblur() |
The element has lost focus (that is, it is not selected by the user). |
|
onchange0 |
The element has either changed (such as by typing into a text field) or the element has lost focus. |
|
onclick0 |
The mouse has been clicked on an element. |
|
ondblclick() |
The mouse has been double-clicked on an element. |
|
onfocus() |
The element has gotten focus. |
|
onkeydown() |
A keyboard key has been pressed down (as opposed to released) while the element has focus. |
|
onkeypress() |
A keyboard key has been pressed while the element has focus. |
|
onkeyup() |
A keyboard key has been released while the element has focus. |
|
onload() |
The element has loaded (document, frameset, or image). |
|
onmousedown() |
A mouse button has been pressed. |
|
onmousemove() |
The mouse has been moved. |
|
onmouseout() |
The mouse has been moved off of or away from an element. |
|
onmouseover() |
The mouse has moved over an element. |
|
onmouseup() |
A mouse button has been released. |
|
onreset() |
The form element has been reset, such as when a form reset button is pressed. |
|
onresize() |
The window's size has been changed. |
|
onselect() |
The text of a form element has been selected. |
|
onsubmit() |
The form has been submitted. |
|
onunload() |
The document or frameset has been unloaded. |
DOM2 的进化:
|
DOM 0 Event |
DOM 2 Event |
|
onblur() |
blur |
|
onfocus() |
focus |
|
onchange() |
change |
|
onmouseover() |
mouseover |
|
onmouseout() |
mouseout |
|
onmousemove() |
mousemove |
|
onmousedown() |
mousedown |
|
onmouseup() |
mouseup |
|
onclick() |
click |
|
ondblclick() |
dblclick |
|
onkeydown() |
keydown |
|
onkeyup() |
keyup |
|
onkeypress() |
keypress |
|
onsubmit() |
submit |
|
onload() |
load |
|
onunload() |
unload |
新的DOM2 用法可以addEventListener()这个函数来观察到:
addEventListener(event,function,capture/bubble);
参数event如上表所示, function是要执行的函数, capture与bubble分别是W3C制定得两种时间模式,简单来说capture就是从document的开始读到最后一行, 再执行事件, 而bubble则是先寻找指定的位置再执行事件.
capture/bubble的参数是布尔值, True表示用capture, False则是bubble.Windows Internet Explorer也有制定一种EventHandler, 是 attachEvent(), 格式如下:
window.attachEvent(”submit”,myFunction());
比较特别的是attachEvent不需要指定capture/bubble的参数, 因为在windows IE环境下都是使用Bubble的模式.这里用图像的Rollover例子来表现事件的用法:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN”
“http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd“>
<html>
<head>
<title>Rollover</title>
<script type=”text/javascript”>function moveOver(imgObj) {
if (typeof window.addEventListener != “undefined”) {
imgObj.addEventListener(”mouseover”,function(){imgObj.src = imgObj.id +
“_over.png”;}, false);
imgObj.addEventListener(”mouseout”, function(){imgObj.src = imgObj.id +
“_default.png”;}, false);
} else {
imgObj.attachEvent(”onmouseover”,function(){imgObj.src = imgObj.id +
“_over.png”;});
imgObj.attachEvent(”onmouseout”, function(){imgObj.src = imgObj.id +
“_default.png”;});
}
}
function rollover() {
var images = document.getElementsByTagName(”img”);
var roll = new RegExp (”rollover”);
var preload = [];
for (var i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
if (images[i].id.match(roll)) {
preload[i] = new Image();
preload[i].src = images[i].id + “_over.png”;
moveOver(images[i]);
}
}
}
if (typeof window.addEventListener != “undefined”) {
window.addEventListener(”load”,rollover,false);
} else {
window.attachEvent(”onload”,rollover)
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p><img id=”rollover_home” name=”img_home” src=”rollover_home_default.png”
alt=”Home”></p>
<p><img id=”rollover_about” name=”img_about” src=”rollover_about_default.png”
alt=”About”></p>
<p><img id=”rollover_blog” name=”img_blog” src=”rollover_blog_default.png”
alt=”Blog”></p>
<p><img id=”logo” name=”img_logo” src=”logo.png” alt=”Braingia Logo”></p>
</body>
</html>
上述的 typeof window.addEventListener != “undefined” 程序代码可以判断使用者的浏览器是否支持AddEventListener这个事件模型, 如果不支持就使用attachEvent.
W3C 及 IE 同时支持移除指定的事件, 用途是移除设定的事件, 格式分别如下:
W3C格式:
removeEventListener(event,function,capture/bubble);
Windows IE的格式如下:
detachEvent(event,function);
数据参考: Chapter 14 - Browsers and JavaScript, JavaScript Step by Step, by Steve Suehring