Java NIO实战之聊天室功能详解
作者：my_codeONE
这篇文章主要介绍了Java NIO实战之聊天室功能,结合实例形式详细分析了java NIO聊天室具体的服务端、客户端相关实现方法与操作注意事项,需要的朋友可以参考下
本文实例讲述了Java NIO实战之聊天室功能。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
在工作之余花了两个星期看完了《Java NIO》，总体来说这本书把NIO写的很详细，没有过多的废话，讲的都是重点，只是翻译的中文版看的确实吃力，英文水平太低也没办法，总算也坚持看完了。《Java NIO》这本书的重点在于第四章讲解的“选择器”，要理解透还是要反复琢磨推敲；愚钝的我花了大概3天的时间才将NIO的选择器机制理解透并能较熟练的运用，于是便写了这个聊天室程序。
下面直接上代码，jdk1.5以上经过测试，可以支持多人同时在线聊天；
将以下代码复制到项目中便可运行，源码下载地址：聊天室源码。
一、服务器端
package com.chat.server;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Vector;
/**
* 聊天室:服务端
* @author zing
*
*/
public class ChatServer implements Runnable {
//选择器
private Selector selector;
//注册ServerSocketChannel后的选择键
private SelectionKey serverKey;
//标识是否运行
private boolean isRun;
//当前聊天室中的用户名称列表
private Vector<String> unames;
//时间格式化器
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
/**
* 构造函数
* @param port 服务端监控的端口号
*/
public ChatServer(int port) {
isRun = true;
unames = new Vector<String>();
init(port);
}
/**
* 初始化选择器和服务器套接字
*
* @param port 服务端监控的端口号
*/
private void init(int port) {
try {
//获得选择器实例
selector = Selector.open();
//获得服务器套接字实例
ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
//绑定端口号
serverChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
//设置为非阻塞
serverChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//将ServerSocketChannel注册到选择器，指定其行为为"等待接受连接"
serverKey = serverChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
printInfo("server starting...");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//轮询选择器选择键
while (isRun) {
//选择一组已准备进行IO操作的通道的key，等于1时表示有这样的key
int n = selector.select();
if (n > 0) {
//从选择器上获取已选择的key的集合并进行迭代
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
//若此key的通道是等待接受新的套接字连接
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
//记住一定要remove这个key，否则之后的新连接将被阻塞无法连接服务器
iter.remove();
//获取key对应的通道
ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
//接受新的连接返回和客户端对等的套接字通道
SocketChannel channel = serverChannel.accept();
if (channel == null) {
continue;
}
//设置为非阻塞
channel.configureBlocking(false);
//将这个套接字通道注册到选择器，指定其行为为"读"
channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
//若此key的通道的行为是"读"
if (key.isReadable()) {
readMsg(key);
}
//若次key的通道的行为是"写"
if (key.isWritable()) {
writeMsg(key);
}
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 从key对应的套接字通道上读数据
* @param key 选择键
* @throws IOException
*/
private void readMsg(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
//获取此key对应的套接字通道
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
//创建一个大小为1024k的缓存区
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
//将通道的数据读到缓存区
int count = channel.read(buffer);
if (count > 0) {
//翻转缓存区(将缓存区由写进数据模式变成读出数据模式)
buffer.flip();
//将缓存区的数据转成String
sb.append(new String(buffer.array(), 0, count));
}
String str = sb.toString();
//若消息中有"open_"，表示客户端准备进入聊天界面
//客户端传过来的数据格式是"open_zing"，表示名称为zing的用户请求打开聊天窗体
//用户名称列表有更新，则应将用户名称数据写给每一个已连接的客户端
if (str.indexOf("open_") != -1) {//客户端连接服务器
String name = str.substring(5);
printInfo(name + " online");
unames.add(name);
//获取选择器已选择的key并迭代
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selKey = iter.next();
//若不是服务器套接字通道的key，则将数据设置到此key中
//并更新此key感兴趣的动作
if (selKey != serverKey) {
selKey.attach(unames);
selKey.interestOps(selKey.interestOps() | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
}
} else if (str.indexOf("exit_") != -1) {// 客户端发送退出命令
String uname = str.substring(5);
//删除此用户名称
unames.remove(uname);
//将"close"字符串附加到key
key.attach("close");
//更新此key感兴趣的动作
key.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
//获取选择器上的已选择的key并迭代
//将更新后的名称列表数据附加到每个套接字通道key上,并重设key感兴趣的操作
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = key.selector().selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selKey = iter.next();
if (selKey != serverKey && selKey != key) {
selKey.attach(unames);
selKey.interestOps(selKey.interestOps() | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
}
printInfo(uname + " offline");
} else {// 读取客户端聊天消息
String uname = str.substring(0, str.indexOf("^"));
String msg = str.substring(str.indexOf("^") + 1);
printInfo("("+uname+")说：" + msg);
String dateTime = sdf.format(new Date());
String smsg = uname + " " + dateTime + "\n " + msg + "\n";
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selKey = iter.next();
if (selKey != serverKey) {
selKey.attach(smsg);
selKey.interestOps(selKey.interestOps() | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
}
}
}
/**
* 写数据到key对应的套接字通道
* @param key
* @throws IOException
*/
private void writeMsg(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
Object obj = key.attachment();
//这里必要要将key的附加数据设置为空，否则会有问题
key.attach("");
//附加值为"close"，则取消此key，并关闭对应通道
if (obj.toString().equals("close")) {
key.cancel();
channel.socket().close();
channel.close();
return;
}else {
//将数据写到通道
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(obj.toString().getBytes()));
}
//重设此key兴趣
key.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
private void printInfo(String str) {
System.out.println("[" + sdf.format(new Date()) + "] -> " + str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChatServer server = new ChatServer(19999);
new Thread(server).start();
}
}
二、客户端
1、服务类，用于与服务端交互
package com.chat.client;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
public class ClientService {
private static final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 19999;
private static SocketChannel sc;
private static Object lock = new Object();
private static ClientService service;
public static ClientService getInstance(){
synchronized (lock) {
if(service == null){
try {
service = new ClientService();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return service;
}
}
private ClientService() throws IOException {
sc = SocketChannel.open();
sc.configureBlocking(false);
sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress(HOST, PORT));
}
public void sendMsg(String msg) {
try {
while (!sc.finishConnect()) {
}
sc.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(msg.getBytes()));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public String receiveMsg() {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
buffer.clear();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
int count = 0;
String msg = null;
try {
while ((count = sc.read(buffer)) > 0) {
sb.append(new String(buffer.array(), 0, count));
}
if (sb.length() > 0) {
msg = sb.toString();
if ("close".equals(sb.toString())) {
msg = null;
sc.close();
sc.socket().close();
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return msg;
}
}
2、登陆窗体，用户设置名称
package com.chat.client;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
/**
* 设置名称窗体
*
* @author zing
*
*/
public class SetNameFrame extends JFrame {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static JTextField txtName;// 文本框
private static JButton btnOK;// ok按钮
private static JLabel label;// 标签
public SetNameFrame() {
this.setLayout(null);
Toolkit kit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
int w = kit.getScreenSize().width;
int h = kit.getScreenSize().height;
this.setBounds(w / 2 - 230 / 2, h / 2 - 200 / 2, 230, 200);
this.setTitle("设置名称");
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setResizable(false);
txtName = new JTextField(4);
this.add(txtName);
txtName.setBounds(10, 10, 100, 25);
btnOK = new JButton("OK");
this.add(btnOK);
btnOK.setBounds(120, 10, 80, 25);
label = new JLabel("[w:" + w + ",h:" + h + "]");
this.add(label);
label.setBounds(10, 40, 200, 100);
label.setText("<html>在上面的文本框中输入名字<br/>显示器宽度：" + w + "<br/>显示器高度：" + h
+ "</html>");
btnOK.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String uname = txtName.getText();
ClientService service = ClientService.getInstance();
ChatFrame chatFrame = new ChatFrame(service, uname);
chatFrame.show();
setVisible(false);
}
});
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SetNameFrame setNameFrame = new SetNameFrame();
setNameFrame.setVisible(true);
}
}
3、聊天室窗体
package com.chat.client;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import javax.swing.DefaultListModel;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JList;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionListener;
/**
* 聊天室窗体
* @author zing
*
*/
public class ChatFrame {
private JTextArea readContext = new JTextArea(18, 30);// 显示消息文本框
private JTextArea writeContext = new JTextArea(6, 30);// 发送消息文本框
private DefaultListModel modle = new DefaultListModel();// 用户列表模型
private JList list = new JList(modle);// 用户列表
private JButton btnSend = new JButton("发送");// 发送消息按钮
private JButton btnClose = new JButton("关闭");// 关闭聊天窗口按钮
private JFrame frame = new JFrame("ChatFrame");// 窗体界面
private String uname;// 用户姓名
private ClientService service;// 用于与服务器交互
private boolean isRun = false;// 是否运行
public ChatFrame(ClientService service, String uname) {
this.isRun = true;
this.uname = uname;
this.service = service;
}
// 初始化界面控件及事件
private void init() {
frame.setLayout(null);
frame.setTitle(uname + " 聊天窗口");
frame.setSize(500, 500);
frame.setLocation(400, 200);
//设置可关闭
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//不能改变窗体大小
frame.setResizable(false);
//聊天消息显示区带滚动条
JScrollPane readScroll = new JScrollPane(readContext);
readScroll.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);
frame.add(readScroll);
//消息编辑区带滚动条
JScrollPane writeScroll = new JScrollPane(writeContext);
writeScroll.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);
frame.add(writeScroll);
frame.add(list);
frame.add(btnSend);
frame.add(btnClose);
readScroll.setBounds(10, 10, 320, 300);
readContext.setBounds(0, 0, 320, 300);
readContext.setEditable(false);//设置为不可编辑
readContext.setLineWrap(true);// 自动换行
writeScroll.setBounds(10, 315, 320, 100);
writeContext.setBounds(0, 0, 320, 100);
writeContext.setLineWrap(true);// 自动换行
list.setBounds(340, 10, 140, 445);
btnSend.setBounds(150, 420, 80, 30);
btnClose.setBounds(250, 420, 80, 30);
//窗体关闭事件
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
isRun = false;
service.sendMsg("exit_" + uname);
System.exit(0);
}
});
//发送按钮事件
btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String msg = writeContext.getText().trim();
if(msg.length() > 0){
service.sendMsg(uname + "^" + writeContext.getText());
}
//发送消息后，去掉编辑区文本，并获得光标焦点
writeContext.setText(null);
writeContext.requestFocus();
}
});
//关闭按钮事件
btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
isRun = false;
service.sendMsg("exit_" + uname);
System.exit(0);
}
});
//右边名称列表选择事件
list.addListSelectionListener(new ListSelectionListener() {
@Override
public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent e) {
// JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
// list.getSelectedValue().toString());
}
});
//消息编辑区键盘按键事件
writeContext.addKeyListener(new KeyListener() {
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
//按下键盘按键后释放
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
//按下enter键发送消息
if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER){
String msg = writeContext.getText().trim();
if(msg.length() > 0){
service.sendMsg(uname + "^" + writeContext.getText());
}
writeContext.setText(null);
writeContext.requestFocus();
}
}
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
});
}
// 此线程类用于轮询读取服务器发送的消息
private class MsgThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
while (isRun) {
String msg = service.receiveMsg();
if (msg != null) {
//若是名称列表数据，则更新聊天窗体右边的列表
if (msg.indexOf("[") != -1 && msg.lastIndexOf("]") != -1) {
msg = msg.substring(1, msg.length() - 1);
String[] userNames = msg.split(",");
modle.removeAllElements();
for (int i = 0; i < userNames.length; i++) {
modle.addElement(userNames[i].trim());
}
} else {
//将聊天数据设置到聊天消息显示区
String str = readContext.getText() + msg;
readContext.setText(str);
readContext.selectAll();//保持滚动条在最下面
}
}
}
}
}
// 显示界面
public void show() {
this.init();
service.sendMsg("open_" + uname);
MsgThread msgThread = new MsgThread();
msgThread.start();
this.frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
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