python实现多人聊天室
作者：DOLFAMINGO
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了python实现多人聊天室，文中示例代码介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
本文实例为大家分享了python实现多人聊天室的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
一、目的
以实现小项目的方式，来巩固之前学过的Python基本语法以及相关的知识。
二、相关技术
1.wxpython GUI编程
2.网络编程
3.多线程编程
4.数据库编程
5.简单的将数据导出到Excel表
三、存在的漏洞以及不足
1.由于数据库编码的问题，无法使用中文。
2.在客户端关闭后，其相关的线程仍然存在于服务器的用户线程队列中，所以服务器会错误地往已关闭的客户端传送信息。
3.客户端初始登录并加载历史记录时，会出现每条历史消息后面的回车键丢失的现象，解决的方法是：在加载相邻两条消息之间加个时间间隔，但效果不佳。
四、源码
服务器Server：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from socket import *
import time
import threading
import wx
import MySQLdb
import xlwt
from clientthread import ClientThread
class Server(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1,title='服务器',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):
'''窗口'''
wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
pl = wx.Panel(self)
con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
sta = wx.Button(pl , size=(133, 40),label='启动服务器')
end = wx.Button(pl, size=(133, 40), label='关闭服务器')
hist = wx.Button(pl,size=(133,40),label='导出聊天记录')
subcon.Add(sta, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
subcon.Add(hist, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
subcon.Add(end, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE|wx.BOTTOM)
self.Text = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY)
con.Add(self.Text, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
self.ttex = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
con.Add(self.ttex, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
sub2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
clear = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
send = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
sub2.Add(clear, 1, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT)
sub2.Add(send, 1, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT)
con.Add(sub2, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
pl.SetSizer(con)
'''窗口'''
'''绑定'''
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.EditClear, clear)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.SendMessage, send)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Start, sta)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Break, end)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.WriteToExcel, hist)
'''绑定'''
'''服务器准备工作'''
self.UserThreadList = []
self.onServe = False
addr = ('', 21567)
self.ServeSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
self.ServeSock.bind(addr)
self.ServeSock.listen(10)
'''服务器准备工作'''
'''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''
self.db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
self.Text.SetValue('')
for data in self.cursor.fetchall(): #加载历史聊天记录
self.Text.AppendText('%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n\n' % (data[0], data[2], data[1]))
'''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''
#将聊天记录导出到EXCEl表中
def WriteToExcel(self,event):
wbk = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')
self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
sheet.write(0, 0, "User")
sheet.write(0, 1, "Datetime")
sheet.write(0, 5, "Message")
index = 0
for data in self.cursor.fetchall():
index = index + 1
Time = '%s'%data[1] #将datetime转成字符形式，否则直接写入Excel会变成时间戳
sheet.write(index,0,data[0])
sheet.write(index,1,Time) #写进EXCEL会变成时间戳
sheet.write(index,5,data[2])
wbk.save(r'D:\History_Dialog.xls')
#启动服务器的服务线程
def Start(self,event):
if not self.onServe:
'''启动服务线程'''
self.onServe = True
mainThread = threading.Thread(target=self.on_serving, args=())
mainThread.setDaemon(True) # 解决父线程结束，子线程还继续运行的问题
mainThread.start()
'''启动服务线程'''
#关闭服务器
def Break(self,event):
self.onServe = False
#服务器主循环
def on_serving(self):
print '...On serving...'
while self.onServe:
UserSocket, UserAddr = self.ServeSock.accept()
username = UserSocket.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8') #接收用户名
userthread = ClientThread(UserSocket, username,self)
self.UserThreadList.append(userthread) #将用户线程加到队列中
userthread.start()
self.ServeSock.close()
#绑定发送按钮
def SendMessage(self,event):
if self.onServe and cmp(self.ttex.GetValue(),''):
data = self.ttex.GetValue()
self.AddText('Server',data,time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
self.ttex.SetValue('')
# 向所有客户端（包括自己）发送信息,同时更新到数据库
def AddText(self, source, data,Time):
self.cursor.execute("insert into history values(\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\")" % (source,Time,data)) #双引号里面有双引号，bug：句子不能有双引号、以及中文
self.db.commit()
sendData = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n' % (source,data,Time)
self.Text.AppendText('%s\n'%sendData)
for user in self.UserThreadList: #bug：客户端关闭了仍然在队列中。如果客户端关闭了，那怎么在服务器判断是否已经关闭了？客户端在关闭之前发一条信息给服务器？
user.UserSocket.send(sendData.encode(encoding='utf-8'))
#绑定清空按钮
def EditClear(self,event):
self.ttex.Clear()
def main():
app = wx.App(False)
Server().Show()
app.MainLoop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
服务器的客户线程Clientthread：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import threading
import time
class ClientThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self,UserSocket, Username,server):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.UserSocket = UserSocket
self.Username = Username
self.server = server
self.Loadhist()
# 加载历史聊天记录
def Loadhist(self):
self.server.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
for data in self.server.cursor.fetchall():
time.sleep(0.6) #几条信息同时发，会造成末尾回车键的丢失，所以要有时间间隔
sendData = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n'%(data[0], data[2], data[1])
self.UserSocket.send(sendData.encode(encoding='utf-8'))
#方法重写，线程的入口
def run(self):
size = 1024
while True:
data = self.UserSocket.recv(size) #未解决：客户端断开连接后这里会报错
self.server.AddText(self.Username,data.decode(encoding='utf-8'),time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
self.UserSocket.close() #这里都执行不到
客户登录界面Logframe：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from socket import *
import wx
import MySQLdb
from client import Client
class LogFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1,title='登录窗口',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):
'''窗口'''
wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,280))
self.pl = wx.Panel(self)
con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(2,2,10,10)
username = wx.StaticText(self.pl, label="Username:",style=wx.ALIGN_LEFT)
password = wx.StaticText(self.pl, label="Password:",style=wx.ALIGN_LEFT)
self.tc1 = wx.TextCtrl(self.pl,size=(180,20))
self.tc2 = wx.TextCtrl(self.pl,size=(180,20),style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)
subcon.Add(username,wx.TE_LEFT)
subcon.Add(self.tc1,1,wx.EXPAND)
subcon.Add(password)
subcon.Add(self.tc2,1,wx.EXPAND)
con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
subcon2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(1,2,10,10)
register = wx.Button(self.pl,label='Register')
login = wx.Button(self.pl,label='Login')
subcon2.Add(register,1, wx.TOP)
subcon2.Add(login,1, wx.TOP)
con.Add(subcon2,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
self.pl.SetSizer(con)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Register,register)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Login,login)
'''窗口'''
self.isConnected = False
self.userSocket = None
#连接到服务器
def ConnectToServer(self):
if not self.isConnected:
ADDR = ('localhost', 21567)
self.userSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
try:
self.userSocket.connect(ADDR)
self.userSocket.send(self.tc1.GetValue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
self.isConnected = True
return True
except Exception:
return False
else:
return True
#登录
def Login(self,event):
if not self.ConnectToServer():
err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '服务器未启动', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
err.ShowModal()
err.Destroy()
else:
username = self.tc1.GetValue()
password = self.tc2.GetValue()
db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password))
if not cursor.fetchone():
err = wx.MessageDialog(None,'用户不存在或密码错误','ERROR!',wx.OK)
err.ShowModal()
else:
self.Close()
Client(opSock=self.userSocket, username=username).Show()
db.commit()
db.close()
#注册
def Register(self,event):
if not self.ConnectToServer():
err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '服务器未启动', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
err.ShowModal()
err.Destroy()
else:
username = self.tc1.GetValue()
password = self.tc2.GetValue()
db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s'"%username)
if not cursor.fetchone():
cursor.execute("insert into user_list(username,password) values('%s','%s')"%(username,password))
else:
err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '用户已存在', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
err.ShowModal()
db.commit()
db.close()
def main():
app = wx.App(False)
LogFrame().Show()
app.MainLoop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
客户端Client：
#/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import wx
import threading
from time import ctime
class Client(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self,opSock,username,parent=None,id=-1,title='客户端',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):
'''窗口'''
wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
self.opSock = opSock
self.username = username
pl = wx.Panel(self)
con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
sta = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='连接')
end = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='断开')
subcon.Add(sta, 1, wx.TOP|wx.LEFT)
subcon.Add(end, 1, wx.TOP|wx.RIGHT)
con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
self.Text = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY)
con.Add(self.Text, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
self.ttex = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
con.Add(self.ttex, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
sub2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
clear = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
send = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
sub2.Add(clear, 1, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT)
sub2.Add(send, 1, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT)
con.Add(sub2, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
pl.SetSizer(con)
'''窗口'''
'''绑定'''
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.EditClear, clear)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Send, send)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Login, sta)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Logout, end)
'''绑定'''
self.isConnected = False
#登录
def Login(self,event):
'''客户端准备工作'''
self.isConnected = True
t = threading.Thread(target=self.Receive, args=())
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
'''客户端准备工作'''
#退出
def Logout(self,event):
self.isConnected = False
#绑定发送按钮
def Send(self,event):
if self.isConnected and cmp(self.ttex.GetValue(),''):
self.opSock.send(self.ttex.GetValue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
self.ttex.SetValue('')
#绑定清空按钮
def EditClear(self,event):
self.ttex.Clear()
#接收客户端的信息（独立一个线程）
def Receive(self):
while self.isConnected:
data = self.opSock.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8')
self.Text.AppendText('%s\n'%data)
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