基于php双引号中访问数组元素报错的解决方法
投稿:jingxian
最近在做微信公众号开发,在一个发送图文接口中,需要把数组元素拼接在XML字符串中
foreach ($itemArr as $key => $value){ $items .= "<item> <Title><![CDATA[$value['title']]]></Title> <Description><![CDATA[[$value['description']]]></Description> <PicUrl><![CDATA[$value['picUrl']]]></PicUrl> <Url><![CDATA[$value['url']]]></Url> </item>"; }
结果竟报如下错误信息:
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '' (T_ENCAPSED_AND_WHITESPACE), expecting identifier (T_STRING) or variable (T_VARIABLE) or number (T_NUM_STRING) in D:\hhp\wamp\www\weixin\wx_sample.php on line 146
从错误信息看是单引号的问题,果断去掉之后就没报错了。然而我就纳闷了,引用下标为字符串的数组元素难道不该加引号吗?到php官方手册去查了关于数组的描述,有一段是这样的:
$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot'); // This will not work, and will result in a parse error, such as: // Parse error: parse error, expecting T_STRING' or T_VARIABLE' or T_NUM_STRING' // This of course applies to using superglobals in strings as well print "Hello $arr['fruit']"; print "Hello $_GET['foo']";
这里给出了两种错误的写法,当一个普通数组变量或超全局数组变量包含在双引号中时,引用索引为字符串的数组元素,索引字符串不应该再添加单引号。那正确的写法是怎样的呢?于是我继续查找官方手册,找到如下说法:
$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot'); // This defines a constant to demonstrate what's going on. The value 'veggie' // is assigned to a constant named fruit. define('fruit', 'veggie'); // The following is okay, as it's inside a string. Constants are not looked for// within strings, so no E_NOTICE occurs hereprint "Hello $arr[fruit]"; // Hello apple// With one exception: braces surrounding arrays within strings allows constants// to be interpretedprint "Hello {$arr[fruit]}"; // Hello carrotprint "Hello {$arr['fruit']}"; // Hello apple $arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot'); // This defines a constant to demonstrate what's going on. The value 'veggie' // is assigned to a constant named fruit. define('fruit', 'veggie'); // The following is okay, as it's inside a string. Constants are not looked for // within strings, so no E_NOTICE occurs here print "Hello $arr[fruit]"; // Hello apple // With one exception: braces surrounding arrays within strings allows constants // to be interpreted print "Hello {$arr[fruit]}"; // Hello carrot print "Hello {$arr['fruit']}"; // Hello apple
这里给出了三种正确的写法:
第一种写法索引字符串不添加任何引号,此时表示获取索引为字符串fruit的数组元素,输出apple。
第二种写法索引字符串也没有添加任何引号,同时将数组变量用一对花括号{ }给包了起来,此时fruit实际上表示一个常量,而不是一个字符串,因此表示获取索引为fruit常量值的数组元素,常量fruit的值是veggie,所以输出carrot。
第三种写法是引用字符串不但添加了单引号,同时也将数组变量用一对花括号{ }给包了起来,此时表示获取索引为字符串fruit的数组元素,输出apple。
后来我继续查找,发现这样一段代码:
// Incorrect. This works but also throws a PHP error of level E_NOTICE because // of an undefined constant named fruit // // Notice: Use of undefined constant fruit - assumed 'fruit' in... print $arr[fruit]; // apple <pre name="code" class="php">print $arr['fruit']; // apple
// This defines a constant to demonstrate what's going on. The value 'veggie'// is assigned to a constant named fruit.define('fruit', 'veggie');// Notice the difference nowprint $arr[fruit]; // carrot print $arr['fruit']; // apple
在正常情况下,数组变量没有被双引号包围时,是否给索引字符串加上单引号输出结果都一致时apple,但是当定义一个与索引字符串fruit同名的常量时,未加单引号的索引字符串输出结果就成了carrot,而加上单引号还是apple。
结论:
1. 数组变量未用双引号包括时,
(1) 索引字符串加单引号表示字符串本身
<pre name="code" class="php">$arr['fruit']
(2)索引字符串未加单引号表示常量,当常量未定义时则解析为字符串,等效于加上单引号。
$arr[fruit]
2. 数组变量用双引号包括时,
(1) 索引字符串不加单引号表示字符串本身
"$arr[fruit]"
(2) 数组变量加上花括号表示与字符串同名常量
"{$arr[fruit]}"
(3) 索引字符串加上单引号且数组变量加上花括号表示字符串本身
<pre name="code" class="php"><pre name="code" class="php">"{$arr['fruit']}"
(4) 索引字符串加上单引号且数组变量未加上花括号,为错误写法,报错:Parse error: parse error, expecting T_STRING' or T_VARIABLE' or T_NUM_STRING'
<pre name="code" class="php"><pre name="code" class="php">"$arr['fruit']"
附:php手册数组说明URL
http://php.net/manual/zh/language.types.array.php
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