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使用java操作elasticsearch的具体方法

作者：bronk

本篇文章主要介绍了使用java操作elasticsearch的具体方法，小编觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧

系统环境: vm12 下的centos 7.2

当前安装版本: elasticsearch-2.4.0.tar.gz

Java操作es集群步骤1：配置集群对象信息；2：创建客户端；3：查看集群信息

1：集群名称

默认集群名为elasticsearch，如果集群名称和指定的不一致则在使用节点资源时会报错。

2：嗅探功能

通过client.transport.sniff启动嗅探功能，这样只需要指定集群中的某一个节点(不一定是主节点)，然后会加载集群中的其他节点，这样只要程序不停即使此节点宕机仍然可以连接到其他节点。

3：查询类型SearchType.QUERY_THEN_FETCH

es 查询共有4种查询类型

QUERY_AND_FETCH:

主节点将查询请求分发到所有的分片中，各个分片按照自己的查询规则即词频文档频率进行打分排序，然后将结果返回给主节点，主节点对所有数据进行汇总排序然后再返回给客户端，此种方式只需要和es交互一次。

这种查询方式存在数据量和排序问题，主节点会汇总所有分片返回的数据这样数据量会比较大，二是各个分片上的规则可能不一致。

QUERY_THEN_FETCH:

主节点将请求分发给所有分片，各个分片打分排序后将数据的id和分值返回给主节点，主节点收到后进行汇总排序再根据排序后的id到对应的节点读取对应的数据再返回给客户端，此种方式需要和es交互两次。

这种方式解决了数据量问题但是排序问题依然存在而且是es的默认查询方式

DEF_QUERY_AND_FETCH: 和 DFS_QUERY_THEN_FETCH:

将各个分片的规则统一起来进行打分。解决了排序问题但是DFS_QUERY_AND_FETCH仍然存在数据量问题，DFS_QUERY_THEN_FETCH两种噢乖你问题都解决但是效率是最差的。

1, 获取client, 两种方式获取

@Before
 public void before() throws Exception {
  Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); 
  map.put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch_wenbronk"); 
  Settings.Builder settings = Settings.builder().put(map); 
  client = TransportClient.builder().settings(settings).build() 
      .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("www.wenbronk.com"), Integer.parseInt("9300"))); 
 }
@Before
 public void before11() throws Exception {
  // 创建客户端, 使用的默认集群名, "elasticSearch"
//  client = TransportClient.builder().build()
//    .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("www.wenbronk.com"), 9300));

  // 通过setting对象指定集群配置信息, 配置的集群名
  Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder().put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch_wenbronk") // 设置集群名
//    .put("client.transport.sniff", true) // 开启嗅探 , 开启后会一直连接不上, 原因未知
//    .put("network.host", "192.168.50.37")
    .put("client.transport.ignore_cluster_name", true) // 忽略集群名字验证, 打开后集群名字不对也能连接上
//    .put("client.transport.nodes_sampler_interval", 5) //报错,
//    .put("client.transport.ping_timeout", 5) // 报错, ping等待时间,
    .build();
   client = TransportClient.builder().settings(settings).build()
     .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.50.37", 9300)));
   // 默认5s
   // 多久打开连接, 默认5s
   System.out.println("success connect");
 }

PS: 官网给的2种方式都不能用, 需要合起来才能用, 浪费老子一下午...

其他参数的意义:

代码: 

package com.wenbronk.javaes;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BackoffPolicy;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkProcessor;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkProcessor.Listener;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkRequestBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.MultiGetItemResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.MultiGetResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNode;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory;
import org.elasticsearch.script.Script;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

/**
 * 使用java API操作elasticSearch
 * 
 * @author 231
 *
 */
public class JavaESTest {

 private TransportClient client;
 private IndexRequest source;
 
 /**
  * 获取连接, 第一种方式
  * @throws Exception
  */
// @Before
 public void before() throws Exception {
  Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); 
  map.put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch_wenbronk"); 
  Settings.Builder settings = Settings.builder().put(map); 
  client = TransportClient.builder().settings(settings).build() 
      .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("www.wenbronk.com"), Integer.parseInt("9300"))); 
 }

/**
  * 查看集群信息
  */
 @Test
 public void testInfo() {
  List<DiscoveryNode> nodes = client.connectedNodes();
  for (DiscoveryNode node : nodes) {
   System.out.println(node.getHostAddress());
  }
 }
 
 /**
  * 组织json串, 方式1,直接拼接
  */
 public String createJson1() {
  String json = "{" +
    "\"user\":\"kimchy\"," +
    "\"postDate\":\"2013-01-30\"," +
    "\"message\":\"trying out Elasticsearch\"" +
   "}";
  return json;
 }
 
 /**
  * 使用map创建json
  */
 public Map<String, Object> createJson2() {
  Map<String,Object> json = new HashMap<String, Object>();
  json.put("user", "kimchy");
  json.put("postDate", new Date());
  json.put("message", "trying out elasticsearch");
  return json;
 }
 
 /**
  * 使用fastjson创建
  */
 public JSONObject createJson3() {
  JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
  json.put("user", "kimchy");
  json.put("postDate", new Date());
  json.put("message", "trying out elasticsearch");
  return json;
 }
 
 /**
  * 使用es的帮助类
  */
 public XContentBuilder createJson4() throws Exception {
  // 创建json对象, 其中一个创建json的方式
  XContentBuilder source = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
   .startObject()
    .field("user", "kimchy")
    .field("postDate", new Date())
    .field("message", "trying to out ElasticSearch")
   .endObject();
  return source;
 }
 
 /**
  * 存入索引中
  * @throws Exception
  */
 @Test
 public void test1() throws Exception {
  XContentBuilder source = createJson4();
  // 存json入索引中
  IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet", "1").setSource(source).get();
//  // 结果获取
  String index = response.getIndex();
  String type = response.getType();
  String id = response.getId();
  long version = response.getVersion();
  boolean created = response.isCreated();
  System.out.println(index + " : " + type + ": " + id + ": " + version + ": " + created);
 }

 /**
  * get API 获取指定文档信息
  */
 @Test
 public void testGet() {
//  GetResponse response = client.prepareGet("twitter", "tweet", "1")
//        .get();
  GetResponse response = client.prepareGet("twitter", "tweet", "1")
    .setOperationThreaded(false) // 线程安全
    .get();
  System.out.println(response.getSourceAsString());
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试 delete api
  */
 @Test
 public void testDelete() {
  DeleteResponse response = client.prepareDelete("twitter", "tweet", "1")
    .get();
  String index = response.getIndex();
  String type = response.getType();
  String id = response.getId();
  long version = response.getVersion();
  System.out.println(index + " : " + type + ": " + id + ": " + version);
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试更新 update API
  * 使用 updateRequest 对象
  * @throws Exception 
  */
 @Test
 public void testUpdate() throws Exception {
  UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest();
  updateRequest.index("twitter");
  updateRequest.type("tweet");
  updateRequest.id("1");
  updateRequest.doc(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
    .startObject()
    // 对没有的字段添加, 对已有的字段替换
     .field("gender", "male")
     .field("message", "hello")
    .endObject());
  UpdateResponse response = client.update(updateRequest).get();
  
  // 打印
  String index = response.getIndex();
  String type = response.getType();
  String id = response.getId();
  long version = response.getVersion();
  System.out.println(index + " : " + type + ": " + id + ": " + version);
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试update api, 使用client
  * @throws Exception 
  */
 @Test
 public void testUpdate2() throws Exception {
  // 使用Script对象进行更新
//  UpdateResponse response = client.prepareUpdate("twitter", "tweet", "1")
//    .setScript(new Script("hits._source.gender = \"male\""))
//    .get();
  
  // 使用XContFactory.jsonBuilder() 进行更新
//  UpdateResponse response = client.prepareUpdate("twitter", "tweet", "1")
//    .setDoc(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
//      .startObject()
//       .field("gender", "malelelele")
//      .endObject()).get();
  
  // 使用updateRequest对象及script
//  UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("twitter", "tweet", "1")
//    .script(new Script("ctx._source.gender=\"male\""));
//  UpdateResponse response = client.update(updateRequest).get();
  
  // 使用updateRequest对象及documents进行更新
  UpdateResponse response = client.update(new UpdateRequest("twitter", "tweet", "1")
    .doc(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
      .startObject()
       .field("gender", "male")
      .endObject()
     )).get();
  System.out.println(response.getIndex());
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试update
  * 使用updateRequest
  * @throws Exception 
  * @throws InterruptedException 
  */
 @Test
 public void testUpdate3() throws InterruptedException, Exception {
  UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("twitter", "tweet", "1")
   .script(new Script("ctx._source.gender=\"male\""));
  UpdateResponse response = client.update(updateRequest).get();
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试upsert方法
  * @throws Exception 
  * 
  */
 @Test
 public void testUpsert() throws Exception {
  // 设置查询条件, 查找不到则添加生效
  IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("twitter", "tweet", "2")
   .source(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
    .startObject()
     .field("name", "214")
     .field("gender", "gfrerq")
    .endObject());
  // 设置更新, 查找到更新下面的设置
  UpdateRequest upsert = new UpdateRequest("twitter", "tweet", "2")
   .doc(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
     .startObject()
      .field("user", "wenbronk")
     .endObject())
   .upsert(indexRequest);
  
  client.update(upsert).get();
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试multi get api
  * 从不同的index, type, 和id中获取
  */
 @Test
 public void testMultiGet() {
  MultiGetResponse multiGetResponse = client.prepareMultiGet()
  .add("twitter", "tweet", "1")
  .add("twitter", "tweet", "2", "3", "4")
  .add("anothoer", "type", "foo")
  .get();
  
  for (MultiGetItemResponse itemResponse : multiGetResponse) {
   GetResponse response = itemResponse.getResponse();
   if (response.isExists()) {
    String sourceAsString = response.getSourceAsString();
    System.out.println(sourceAsString);
   }
  }
 }
 
 /**
  * bulk 批量执行
  * 一次查询可以update 或 delete多个document
  */
 @Test
 public void testBulk() throws Exception {
  BulkRequestBuilder bulkRequest = client.prepareBulk();
  bulkRequest.add(client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet", "1")
    .setSource(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
      .startObject()
       .field("user", "kimchy")
       .field("postDate", new Date())
       .field("message", "trying out Elasticsearch")
      .endObject()));
  bulkRequest.add(client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet", "2")
    .setSource(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
      .startObject()
       .field("user", "kimchy")
       .field("postDate", new Date())
       .field("message", "another post")
      .endObject()));
  BulkResponse response = bulkRequest.get();
  System.out.println(response.getHeaders());
 }
 
 /**
  * 使用bulk processor
  * @throws Exception 
  */
 @Test
 public void testBulkProcessor() throws Exception {
  // 创建BulkPorcessor对象
  BulkProcessor bulkProcessor = BulkProcessor.builder(client, new Listener() {
   public void beforeBulk(long paramLong, BulkRequest paramBulkRequest) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
   }
   
   // 执行出错时执行
   public void afterBulk(long paramLong, BulkRequest paramBulkRequest, Throwable paramThrowable) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
   }
   
   public void afterBulk(long paramLong, BulkRequest paramBulkRequest, BulkResponse paramBulkResponse) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
   }
  })
  // 1w次请求执行一次bulk
  .setBulkActions(10000)
  // 1gb的数据刷新一次bulk
  .setBulkSize(new ByteSizeValue(1, ByteSizeUnit.GB))
  // 固定5s必须刷新一次
  .setFlushInterval(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(5))
  // 并发请求数量, 0不并发, 1并发允许执行
  .setConcurrentRequests(1)
  // 设置退避, 100ms后执行, 最大请求3次
  .setBackoffPolicy(
    BackoffPolicy.exponentialBackoff(TimeValue.timeValueMillis(100), 3))
  .build();
  
  // 添加单次请求
  bulkProcessor.add(new IndexRequest("twitter", "tweet", "1"));
  bulkProcessor.add(new DeleteRequest("twitter", "tweet", "2"));
  
  // 关闭
  bulkProcessor.awaitClose(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
  // 或者
  bulkProcessor.close();
 }
}

tes2代码: 

package com.wenbronk.javaes;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.xml.FilterBuilderFactory;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.MultiSearchResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequestBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchType;
import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings.Builder;
import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHit;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.Aggregation;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregationBuilders;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.bucket.histogram.DateHistogramInterval;
import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.SortOrder;
import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.SortParseElement;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
 * 使用java API操作elasticSearch
 * search API
 * @author 231
 *
 */
public class JavaESTest2 {

 private TransportClient client;

 /**
  * 获取client对象
  */
 @Before
 public void testBefore() {
  Builder builder = Settings.settingsBuilder();
  builder.put("cluster.name", "wenbronk_escluster");
//    .put("client.transport.ignore_cluster_name", true);
  Settings settings = builder.build();
  
  org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient.Builder transportBuild = TransportClient.builder();
  TransportClient client1 = transportBuild.settings(settings).build();
  client = client1.addTransportAddress((new InetSocketTransportAddress(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.50.37", 9300))));
  System.out.println("success connect to escluster");
  
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试查询
  */
 @Test
 public void testSearch() {
//  SearchRequestBuilder searchRequestBuilder = client.prepareSearch("twitter", "tweet", "1");
//  SearchResponse response = searchRequestBuilder.setTypes("type1", "type2")
//       .setSearchType(SearchType.DFS_QUERY_THEN_FETCH)
//       .setQuery(QueryBuilders.termQuery("user", "test"))
//       .setPostFilter(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").from(0).to(1))
//       .setFrom(0).setSize(2).setExplain(true)
//       .execute().actionGet();
  SearchResponse response = client.prepareSearch()
    .execute().actionGet();
//  SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
//  for (SearchHit searchHit : hits) {
//   for(Iterator<SearchHitField> iterator = searchHit.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
//    SearchHitField next = iterator.next();
//    System.out.println(next.getValues());
//   }
//  }
  System.out.println(response);
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试scroll api
  * 对大量数据的处理更有效
  */
 @Test
 public void testScrolls() {
  QueryBuilder queryBuilder = QueryBuilders.termQuery("twitter", "tweet");
  
  SearchResponse response = client.prepareSearch("twitter")
  .addSort(SortParseElement.DOC_FIELD_NAME, SortOrder.ASC)
  .setScroll(new TimeValue(60000))
  .setQuery(queryBuilder)
  .setSize(100).execute().actionGet();
  
  while(true) {
   for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits().getHits()) {
    System.out.println("i am coming");
   }
   SearchResponse response2 = client.prepareSearchScroll(response.getScrollId())
    .setScroll(new TimeValue(60000)).execute().actionGet();
   if (response2.getHits().getHits().length == 0) {
    System.out.println("oh no=====");
    break;
   }
  }
  
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试multiSearch
  */
 @Test
 public void testMultiSearch() {
  QueryBuilder qb1 = QueryBuilders.queryStringQuery("elasticsearch");
  SearchRequestBuilder requestBuilder1 = client.prepareSearch().setQuery(qb1).setSize(1);
  
  QueryBuilder qb2 = QueryBuilders.matchQuery("user", "kimchy");
  SearchRequestBuilder requestBuilder2 = client.prepareSearch().setQuery(qb2).setSize(1);
  
  MultiSearchResponse multiResponse = client.prepareMultiSearch().add(requestBuilder1).add(requestBuilder2)
    .execute().actionGet();
  long nbHits = 0;
  for (MultiSearchResponse.Item item : multiResponse.getResponses()) {
   SearchResponse response = item.getResponse();
   nbHits = response.getHits().getTotalHits();
   SearchHit[] hits = response.getHits().getHits();
   System.out.println(nbHits);
  }
  
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试聚合查询
  */
 @Test
 public void testAggregation() {
  SearchResponse response = client.prepareSearch()
    .setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()) // 先使用query过滤掉一部分
    .addAggregation(AggregationBuilders.terms("term").field("user"))
    .addAggregation(AggregationBuilders.dateHistogram("agg2").field("birth")
     .interval(DateHistogramInterval.YEAR))
    .execute().actionGet();
  Aggregation aggregation2 = response.getAggregations().get("term");
  Aggregation aggregation = response.getAggregations().get("agg2");
//  SearchResponse response2 = client.search(new SearchRequest().searchType(SearchType.QUERY_AND_FETCH)).actionGet();
 }
 
 /**
  * 测试terminate
  */
 @Test
 public void testTerminateAfter() {
  SearchResponse response = client.prepareSearch("twitter").setTerminateAfter(1000).get();
  if (response.isTerminatedEarly()) {
   System.out.println("ternimate");
  }
 }
 
 /**
  * 过滤查询: 大于gt, 小于lt, 小于等于lte, 大于等于gte
  */
 @Test
 public void testFilter() {
  SearchResponse response = client.prepareSearch("twitter") 
    .setTypes("") 
    .setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()) //查询所有 
    .setSearchType(SearchType.QUERY_THEN_FETCH) 
//    .setPostFilter(FilterBuilders.rangeFilter("age").from(0).to(19) 
//      .includeLower(true).includeUpper(true)) 
//    .setPostFilter(FilterBuilderFactory .rangeFilter("age").gte(18).lte(22)) 
    .setExplain(true) //explain为true表示根据数据相关度排序，和关键字匹配最高的排在前面 
    .get(); 
 }
 
 /**
  * 分组查询
  */
 @Test
 public void testGroupBy() {
  client.prepareSearch("twitter").setTypes("tweet")
  .setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery())
  .setSearchType(SearchType.QUERY_THEN_FETCH)
  .addAggregation(AggregationBuilders.terms("user")
    .field("user").size(0)  // 根据user进行分组
           // size(0) 也是10
  ).get();
 } 
}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

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