讲解.NET环境下绘制模糊数学中隶属函数分布图
作者：
讲解.NET环境下绘制模糊数学中隶属函数分布图
绘制模糊数学中隶属函数分布图
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
namespace ImageFuzzy
...{
public partial class Form1 : Form
...{
private int type1;
private int type2;
private string item1;
private string item2;
private float a;
private float b;
private float c;
private float d1;
private float k;
private float l;
private float tempx;
private float tempy;
public void InitArray()
...{
type1 = 0;
type2 = 0;
k = 2;
item1 = this.comboBox1.Text.ToString();
item2 = this.comboBox2.Text.ToString();
this.groupBox1.Text = item1 + item2 + "图形";
a = float.Parse(this.tbA.Text.Trim().ToString());
b = float.Parse(this.tbB.Text.Trim().ToString());
c = float.Parse(this.tbC.Text.Trim().ToString());
d1 = float.Parse(this.tbD.Text.Trim().ToString());
k = float.Parse(this.tbK.Text.Trim().ToString());
l = float.Parse(this.tbL.Text.Trim().ToString());
type1 = this.comboBox1.SelectedIndex+1;
type2 = this.comboBox2.SelectedIndex+1;
}
private void delete()
...{
a = 0;
b = 0;
c = 0;
d1 = 0;
k = 0;
l = 0;
}
private void set1()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "1";
this.tbB.Text = "2";
this.tbC.Text = "3";
this.tbD.Text = "4";
this.tbK.Text = "1";
this.tbL.Text = "2";
}
private void set2()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "1";
this.tbB.Text = "1.5";
this.tbC.Text = "2";
this.tbD.Text = "2.5";
this.tbK.Text = "1";
this.tbL.Text = "2";
}
private void set3()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "0.5";
this.tbB.Text = "1.5";
this.tbC.Text = "2";
this.tbD.Text = "3";
this.tbK.Text = "3";
this.tbL.Text = "2";
}
private void set4()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "1.5";
this.tbB.Text = "1.5";
this.tbC.Text = "2";
this.tbD.Text = "2.5";
this.tbK.Text = "0.5";
this.tbL.Text = "2";
}
private void set5()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "2";
this.tbB.Text = "2.5";
this.tbC.Text = "3";
this.tbD.Text = "3.5";
this.tbK.Text = "4";
this.tbL.Text = "6";
}
private void set6()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "0.5";
this.tbB.Text = "1.5";
this.tbC.Text = "2";
this.tbD.Text = "2.5";
this.tbK.Text = "2";
this.tbL.Text = "4";
}
public Form1()
...{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
...{
//set1();
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
...{
}
private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
...{
float d;
float x1;
float x2;
float y1;
float y2;
PointF p1;
PointF p2;
int unit = 40;//放大倍数
Font font = new Font("MS UI Gothic", 12);
SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
float interval = 0.001F; //步进刻度，值越小越精确(必须大小0)，但速度也越慢
PointF o = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Red, 0, this.pictureBox1.Height / 2, this.pictureBox1.Width, this.pictureBox1.Height / 2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Red, this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, 0, this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height);
e.Graphics.DrawString("O", font, brush, o);
if (type1 == 0)
...{
for (d = -6.28F; d < 6.28F; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * System.Math.Sin(d));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * System.Math.Sin(d + interval));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type1 == 1)
...{
//set1();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width/2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d < a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black, p1, p2);
tempx = x2;
tempy = this.pictureBox1.Height/2;
}
PointF o2 = new PointF(tempx, tempy);
e.Graphics.DrawString(a.ToString(), font, brush, o2);
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d < 2*a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
PointF o2 = new PointF(tempx, tempy);
e.Graphics.DrawString(a.ToString(), font, brush, o2);
}
else if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = a; d
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
PointF o2 = new PointF(tempx, tempy);
e.Graphics.DrawString(a.ToString(), font, brush, o2);
}
}
else if (type1 == 2)
...{
//set2();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width/2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
以下是引用片段：
if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d <=a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1*unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1*unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1=o.Y-(float)(unit*((b-d)/(b-a)));
y2=o.Y-(float)(unit*((b-d-interval)/(b-a)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if(type2==2)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1=o.Y-(float)(unit*((d-a)/(b-a)));
y2=o.Y-(float)(unit*((d-a-interval)/(b-a)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = b; d <= (b+a); d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * ((d - a) / (b - a)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * ((d - a - interval) / (b - a)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = b; d <= c; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = c; d < d1; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * ((d1 - d) / (d1 - c)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * ((d1 - d - interval) / (d1 - c)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
else if (type1 == 3)
...{
//set3();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((b-d)/(b-a),k)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((b - d - interval) / (b - a),k)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d - a) / (b - a), k)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d - a - interval) / (b - a), k)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = b; d <= (a+b); d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d - a) / (b - a), k)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d - a - interval) / (b - a), k)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
以下是引用片段：
for (d = b; d <= c; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = c; d < d1; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d1 - d) / (d1- c), k)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d1 - d - interval) / (d1 - c), k)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
else if (type1 == 4)
...{
//set4();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= 2*a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d-a)/k)*((d-a)/k)) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d-interval - a) / k) * ((d-interval - a) / k)) * unit );
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d - a) / k) * ((d - a) / k)) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d - interval - a) / k) * ((d - interval - a) / k)) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d - a) / k) * ((d - a) / k)) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1-System.Math.Exp(-((d - interval - a) / k) * ((d - interval - a) / k)) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
else if (type1 == 5)
...{
//set5();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((1.0/(1+k*System.Math.Pow(d-a,l))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d-interval - a, l))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d - a, l))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d - interval - a, l))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d - a, -l))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d - interval - a, -l))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = 2*a; d <= 3*a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
以下是引用片段：
else if (type1 == 6)
...{
//set6();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d =-b; d < -a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 + 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d-(a+b)/2)*(System.Math.PI/(b-a)))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 + 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d-interval - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = -a; d < a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1* unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 - 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 - 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - interval - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d < a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 - 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 - 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - interval - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 + 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 + 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - interval - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = b; d < c; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
...{
InitArray();
Graphics g = Graphics.FromHwnd(this.pictureBox1.Handle);
PaintEventArgs e1 = new PaintEventArgs(g, this.pictureBox1.ClientRectangle);
this.pictureBox1_Paint(this.pictureBox1, e1);
g.Dispose();
}
}
整个源代码如上。
首先：重载 pictureBox1_Paint 函数
进行画图时思想很简单，确定起始位置，结束位置，本程序中我用System.Drawing.PointF对象存储点坐标。
使用 e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black, 坐标1, 坐标2)进行线条的绘制。
下面我将拿绘制正态分布图形介绍下：
程序段如下：
以下是引用片段：
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d - a) / k) * ((d - a) / k)) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1-System.Math.Exp(-((d - interval - a) / k) * ((d - interval - a) / k)) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
其中：unit代表图形放大倍数，数值越大图形放大倍数越大。
interval 代表步进刻度，值越小越精确(必须大小0)，但速度也越慢
先确定起始坐标(x1,y1)，再结合正态分布在增加一个步进刻度的情况下确定(x2,y2)，接下来调用e.Graphics.DrawLine进行画图。
最后还有一点，由于每次重新画图的时候都要调用private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)，其不是用户定义方法，所以用户句柄重新获取PictureBox_Paint方法，重新绘制图形，代码段如下：
以下是引用片段：
Graphics g = Graphics.FromHwnd(this.pictureBox1.Handle);
PaintEventArgs e1 = new PaintEventArgs(g, this.pictureBox1.ClientRectangle);
this.pictureBox1_Paint(this.pictureBox1, e1);
g.Dispose();
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
namespace ImageFuzzy
...{
public partial class Form1 : Form
...{
private int type1;
private int type2;
private string item1;
private string item2;
private float a;
private float b;
private float c;
private float d1;
private float k;
private float l;
private float tempx;
private float tempy;
public void InitArray()
...{
type1 = 0;
type2 = 0;
k = 2;
item1 = this.comboBox1.Text.ToString();
item2 = this.comboBox2.Text.ToString();
this.groupBox1.Text = item1 + item2 + "图形";
a = float.Parse(this.tbA.Text.Trim().ToString());
b = float.Parse(this.tbB.Text.Trim().ToString());
c = float.Parse(this.tbC.Text.Trim().ToString());
d1 = float.Parse(this.tbD.Text.Trim().ToString());
k = float.Parse(this.tbK.Text.Trim().ToString());
l = float.Parse(this.tbL.Text.Trim().ToString());
type1 = this.comboBox1.SelectedIndex+1;
type2 = this.comboBox2.SelectedIndex+1;
}
private void delete()
...{
a = 0;
b = 0;
c = 0;
d1 = 0;
k = 0;
l = 0;
}
private void set1()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "1";
this.tbB.Text = "2";
this.tbC.Text = "3";
this.tbD.Text = "4";
this.tbK.Text = "1";
this.tbL.Text = "2";
}
private void set2()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "1";
this.tbB.Text = "1.5";
this.tbC.Text = "2";
this.tbD.Text = "2.5";
this.tbK.Text = "1";
this.tbL.Text = "2";
}
private void set3()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "0.5";
this.tbB.Text = "1.5";
this.tbC.Text = "2";
this.tbD.Text = "3";
this.tbK.Text = "3";
this.tbL.Text = "2";
}
private void set4()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "1.5";
this.tbB.Text = "1.5";
this.tbC.Text = "2";
this.tbD.Text = "2.5";
this.tbK.Text = "0.5";
this.tbL.Text = "2";
}
private void set5()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "2";
this.tbB.Text = "2.5";
this.tbC.Text = "3";
this.tbD.Text = "3.5";
this.tbK.Text = "4";
this.tbL.Text = "6";
}
private void set6()
...{
this.tbA.Text = "0.5";
this.tbB.Text = "1.5";
this.tbC.Text = "2";
this.tbD.Text = "2.5";
this.tbK.Text = "2";
this.tbL.Text = "4";
}
public Form1()
...{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
...{
//set1();
}
private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
...{
}
private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
...{
float d;
float x1;
float x2;
float y1;
float y2;
PointF p1;
PointF p2;
int unit = 40;//放大倍数
Font font = new Font("MS UI Gothic", 12);
SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
float interval = 0.001F; //步进刻度，值越小越精确(必须大小0)，但速度也越慢
PointF o = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Red, 0, this.pictureBox1.Height / 2, this.pictureBox1.Width, this.pictureBox1.Height / 2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Red, this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, 0, this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height);
e.Graphics.DrawString("O", font, brush, o);
if (type1 == 0)
...{
for (d = -6.28F; d < 6.28F; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * System.Math.Sin(d));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * System.Math.Sin(d + interval));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type1 == 1)
...{
//set1();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width/2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d < a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black, p1, p2);
tempx = x2;
tempy = this.pictureBox1.Height/2;
}
PointF o2 = new PointF(tempx, tempy);
e.Graphics.DrawString(a.ToString(), font, brush, o2);
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d < 2*a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
PointF o2 = new PointF(tempx, tempy);
e.Graphics.DrawString(a.ToString(), font, brush, o2);
}
else if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = a; d
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
PointF o2 = new PointF(tempx, tempy);
e.Graphics.DrawString(a.ToString(), font, brush, o2);
}
}
else if (type1 == 2)
...{
//set2();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width/2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
以下是引用片段：
if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d <=a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1*unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1*unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1=o.Y-(float)(unit*((b-d)/(b-a)));
y2=o.Y-(float)(unit*((b-d-interval)/(b-a)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if(type2==2)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1=o.Y-(float)(unit*((d-a)/(b-a)));
y2=o.Y-(float)(unit*((d-a-interval)/(b-a)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = b; d <= (b+a); d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * ((d - a) / (b - a)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * ((d - a - interval) / (b - a)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = b; d <= c; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = c; d < d1; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * ((d1 - d) / (d1 - c)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * ((d1 - d - interval) / (d1 - c)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
else if (type1 == 3)
...{
//set3();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((b-d)/(b-a),k)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((b - d - interval) / (b - a),k)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d - a) / (b - a), k)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d - a - interval) / (b - a), k)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = b; d <= (a+b); d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d - a) / (b - a), k)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d - a - interval) / (b - a), k)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
以下是引用片段：
for (d = b; d <= c; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = c; d < d1; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d1 - d) / (d1- c), k)));
y2 = o.Y - (float)(unit * (System.Math.Pow((d1 - d - interval) / (d1 - c), k)));
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
else if (type1 == 4)
...{
//set4();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= 2*a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d-a)/k)*((d-a)/k)) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d-interval - a) / k) * ((d-interval - a) / k)) * unit );
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d - a) / k) * ((d - a) / k)) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d - interval - a) / k) * ((d - interval - a) / k)) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d - a) / k) * ((d - a) / k)) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1-System.Math.Exp(-((d - interval - a) / k) * ((d - interval - a) / k)) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
else if (type1 == 5)
...{
//set5();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((1.0/(1+k*System.Math.Pow(d-a,l))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d-interval - a, l))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d <= a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d - a, l))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d - interval - a, l))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d - a, -l))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((1.0 / (1 + k * System.Math.Pow(d - interval - a, -l))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = 2*a; d <= 3*a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
以下是引用片段：
else if (type1 == 6)
...{
//set6();
PointF o1 = new PointF(this.pictureBox1.Width / 2, this.pictureBox1.Height / 4);
e.Graphics.DrawString("1", font, brush, o1);
if (type2 == 3)
...{
for (d =-b; d < -a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 + 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d-(a+b)/2)*(System.Math.PI/(b-a)))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 + 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d-interval - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = -a; d < a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1* unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 - 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 - 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - interval - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 1)
...{
for (d = 0; d < a; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 - 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 - 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - interval - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
else if (type2 == 2)
...{
for (d = a; d < b; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 + 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)((0.5 + 0.5 * System.Math.Sin((d - interval - (a + b) / 2) * (System.Math.PI / (b - a)))) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
for (d = b; d < c; d += interval)
...{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1 * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
}
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
...{
InitArray();
Graphics g = Graphics.FromHwnd(this.pictureBox1.Handle);
PaintEventArgs e1 = new PaintEventArgs(g, this.pictureBox1.ClientRectangle);
this.pictureBox1_Paint(this.pictureBox1, e1);
g.Dispose();
}
}
整个源代码如上。
首先：重载 pictureBox1_Paint 函数
进行画图时思想很简单，确定起始位置，结束位置，本程序中我用System.Drawing.PointF对象存储点坐标。
使用 e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black, 坐标1, 坐标2)进行线条的绘制。
下面我将拿绘制正态分布图形介绍下：
程序段如下：
以下是引用片段：
for (d = a; d <= 2 * a; d += interval)
{
x1 = o.X + d * unit;
x2 = o.X + (d + interval) * unit;
y1 = o.Y - (float)(System.Math.Exp(-((d - a) / k) * ((d - a) / k)) * unit);
y2 = o.Y - (float)(1-System.Math.Exp(-((d - interval - a) / k) * ((d - interval - a) / k)) * unit);
p1 = new PointF(x1, y1);
p2 = new PointF(x2, y2);
e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, p1, p2);
}
其中：unit代表图形放大倍数，数值越大图形放大倍数越大。
interval 代表步进刻度，值越小越精确(必须大小0)，但速度也越慢
先确定起始坐标(x1,y1)，再结合正态分布在增加一个步进刻度的情况下确定(x2,y2)，接下来调用e.Graphics.DrawLine进行画图。
最后还有一点，由于每次重新画图的时候都要调用private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)，其不是用户定义方法，所以用户句柄重新获取PictureBox_Paint方法，重新绘制图形，代码段如下：
以下是引用片段：
Graphics g = Graphics.FromHwnd(this.pictureBox1.Handle);
PaintEventArgs e1 = new PaintEventArgs(g, this.pictureBox1.ClientRectangle);
this.pictureBox1_Paint(this.pictureBox1, e1);
g.Dispose();