基于浏览器的文件上传,特别是对于通过<input type="file">标签来实现上传的情况, 存在着严重的性能问题,因为用户提交了文件之后,在浏览器把文件上传到服务器的过程中,界面看上去似乎是静止的,如果是小文件还好些,如果不幸需要上传的是几兆、几十兆甚至上百兆的文件,我相信那是一种非常痛苦的体验,我们中间的很多人应该都有过此种不堪的经历。(一笑)
现在我就针对这个问题给出一个解决方案,我们将实现一个具有监控能力的WEB上传的程序——它不仅把文件上传到服务器,而且"实时地"监视文件上传的实际过程。
解决方案的基本思路是这样的:
- 在Form提交上传文件同时,使用AJAX周期性地从Servlet轮询上传状态信息
- 然后,根据此信息更新进度条和相关文字,及时反映文件传输状态
- 如果用户取消上传操作,则进行相应的现场清理工作:删除已经上传的文件,在Form提交页面中显示相关信息
- 如果上传完毕,显示已经上传的文件内容(或链接)
在介绍源代码之前,我们先来看看程序运行界面:
实现代码想当然的有服务器端代码和客户端代码(呵呵),我们先从服务器端开始。
使用FileUploadStatus这个类记录文件上传状态,并将其作为服务器端与web客户端之间通信的媒介,通过对这个类对象提供上传状态作为服务器回应发送给web客户端, web客户端使用JavaScript获得文件上传状态。源代码如下:
/** * 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。 * 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。 * * 作者: 刘作晨 * EMail:liuzuochen@gmail.com */ package liuzuochen.sample.upload; import java.util.*; public class FileUploadStatus { //上传用户地址 private String uploadAddr; //上传总量 private long uploadTotalSize = 0; //读取上传总量 private long readTotalSize = 0; //当前上传文件号 private int currentUploadFileNum = 0; //成功读取上传文件数 private int successUploadFileCount = 0; //状态 private String status = ""; //处理起始时间 private long processStartTime = 0l; //处理终止时间 private long processEndTime = 0l; //处理执行时间 private long processRunningTime = 0l; //上传文件URL列表 private List uploadFileUrlList = new ArrayList(); //取消上传 private boolean cancel = false; //上传base目录 private String baseDir = ""; public FileUploadStatus() { } public String getBaseDir() { return baseDir; } public void setBaseDir(String baseDir) { this.baseDir = baseDir; } public boolean getCancel() { return cancel; } public void setCancel(boolean cancel) { this.cancel = cancel; } public List getUploadFileUrlList() { return uploadFileUrlList; } public void setUploadFileUrlList(List uploadFileUrlList) { this.uploadFileUrlList = uploadFileUrlList; } public long getProcessRunningTime() { return processRunningTime; } public void setProcessRunningTime(long processRunningTime) { this.processRunningTime = processRunningTime; } public long getProcessEndTime() { return processEndTime; } public void setProcessEndTime(long processEndTime) { this.processEndTime = processEndTime; } public long getProcessStartTime() { return processStartTime; } public void setProcessStartTime(long processStartTime) { this.processStartTime = processStartTime; } public long getReadTotalSize() { return readTotalSize; } public void setReadTotalSize(long readTotalSize) { this.readTotalSize = readTotalSize; } public int getSuccessUploadFileCount() { return successUploadFileCount; } public void setSuccessUploadFileCount(int successUploadFileCount) { this.successUploadFileCount = successUploadFileCount; } public int getCurrentUploadFileNum() { return currentUploadFileNum; } public void setCurrentUploadFileNum(int currentUploadFileNum) { this.currentUploadFileNum = currentUploadFileNum; } public String getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(String status) { this.status = status; } public long getUploadTotalSize() { return uploadTotalSize; } public String getUploadAddr() { return uploadAddr; } public void setUploadTotalSize(long uploadTotalSize) { this.uploadTotalSize = uploadTotalSize; } public void setUploadAddr(String uploadAddr) { this.uploadAddr = uploadAddr; } public String toJSon() { StringBuffer strJSon = new StringBuffer(); strJSon.append("{UploadTotalSize:").append(getUploadTotalSize()).append( ",") .append("ReadTotalSize:").append(getReadTotalSize()).append(",") .append("CurrentUploadFileNum:").append(getCurrentUploadFileNum()). append(",") .append("SuccessUploadFileCount:").append( getSuccessUploadFileCount()).append(",") .append("Status:'").append(getStatus()).append("',") .append("ProcessStartTime:").append(getProcessStartTime()). append(",") .append("ProcessEndTime:").append(getProcessEndTime()).append( ",") .append("ProcessRunningTime:").append(getProcessRunningTime()). append(",") .append("Cancel:").append(getCancel()).append("}"); return strJSon.toString(); } }
使用Common-FileUpload 1.2版本(20070103)。此版本提供了能够监视文件上传情况的ProcessListener接口,使开发者通过FileUploadBase类对象的setProcessListener方法植入自己的Listener。 FileUploadListener类实现了ProcessListener,在整个文件上传过程中,它对上传进度进行监控,并且根据上传 情况实时的更新上传状态Bean。源代码如下:
/** * 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。 * 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。 * * 作者: 刘作晨 * EMail:liuzuochen@gmail.com */ package liuzuochen.sample.upload; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; public class FileUploadListener implements ProgressListener{ private HttpServletRequest request=null; public FileUploadListener(HttpServletRequest request){ this.request=request; } /** * 更新状态 */ public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int pItems){ FileUploadStatus statusBean= BackGroundService.getStatusBean(request); statusBean.setUploadTotalSize(pContentLength); //读取完成 if (pContentLength == -1) { statusBean.setStatus("完成对" + pItems +"个文件的读取:读取了 " + pBytesRead + " bytes."); statusBean.setReadTotalSize(pBytesRead); statusBean.setSuccessUploadFileCount(pItems); statusBean.setProcessEndTime(System.currentTimeMillis()); statusBean.setProcessRunningTime(statusBean.getProcessEndTime()); //读取中 } else { statusBean.setStatus("当前正在处理第" + pItems +"个文件:已经读取了 " + pBytesRead +
"/" + pContentLength+ " bytes."); statusBean.setReadTotalSize(pBytesRead); statusBean.setCurrentUploadFileNum(pItems); statusBean.setProcessRunningTime(System.currentTimeMillis()); } BackGroundService.saveStatusBean(request,statusBean); } }
BackGroundService这个Servlet类负责接收Form Post数据、回应状态轮询请求、处理取消文件上传的请求。 尽管可以把这些功能相互分离开来,但为了简单明了,还是将它们放到Servlet中,只是由不同的方法进行分割。 源代码如下:
/** * 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。 * 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。 * * 作者: 刘作晨 * EMail:liuzuochen@gmail.com */ package liuzuochen.sample.upload;
/** * Title: 后台服务 * * Description: 为客户端提供上传及文件传输状态查询服务 * */ import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.*; public class BackGroundService extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet implements javax.servlet.Servlet { public static final String UPLOAD_DIR = "/upload"; public static final String DEFAULT_UPLOAD_FAILURE_URL = "./result.jsp"; public BackGroundService() { super(); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } /** * 从文件路径中取出文件名 */ private String takeOutFileName(String filePath) { int pos = filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator); if (pos > 0) { return filePath.substring(pos + 1); } else { return filePath; } } /** * 从request中取出FileUploadStatus Bean */ public static FileUploadStatus getStatusBean( HttpServletRequest request) { BeanControler beanCtrl = BeanControler.getInstance(); return beanCtrl.getUploadStatus(request.getRemoteAddr()); } /** * 把FileUploadStatus Bean保存到类控制器BeanControler */ public static void saveStatusBean( HttpServletRequest request, FileUploadStatus statusBean) { statusBean.setUploadAddr(request.getRemoteAddr()); BeanControler beanCtrl = BeanControler.getInstance(); beanCtrl.setUploadStatus(statusBean); } /** * 删除已经上传的文件 */ private void deleteUploadedFile(HttpServletRequest request) { FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request); for (int i = 0; i < satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().size(); i++) { File uploadedFile = new File(request.getRealPath(UPLOAD_DIR) + File.separator + satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList(). get(i)); uploadedFile.delete(); } satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().clear(); satusBean.setStatus("删除已上传的文件"); saveStatusBean(request, satusBean); } /** * 上传过程中出错处理 */ private void uploadExceptionHandle( HttpServletRequest request, String errMsg) throws ServletException, IOException { //首先删除已经上传的文件 deleteUploadedFile(request); FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request); satusBean.setStatus(errMsg); saveStatusBean(request, satusBean); } /** * 初始化文件上传状态Bean */ private FileUploadStatus initStatusBean(HttpServletRequest request) { FileUploadStatus satusBean = new FileUploadStatus(); satusBean.setStatus("正在准备处理"); satusBean.setUploadTotalSize(request.getContentLength()); satusBean.setProcessStartTime(System.currentTimeMillis()); satusBean.setBaseDir(request.getContextPath() + UPLOAD_DIR); return satusBean; } /** * 处理文件上传 */ private void processFileUpload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); //设置内存缓冲区,超过后写入临时文件 factory.setSizeThreshold(10240000); //设置临时文件存储位置 factory.setRepository(new File(request.getRealPath("/upload/temp"))); ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); //设置单个文件的最大上传值 upload.setFileSizeMax(102400000); //设置整个request的最大值 upload.setSizeMax(102400000); upload.setProgressListener(new FileUploadListener(request)); //保存初始化后的FileUploadStatus Bean saveStatusBean(request, initStatusBean(request)); String forwardURL = ""; try { List items = upload.parseRequest(request); //获得返回url for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++) { FileItem item = (FileItem) items.get(i); if (item.isFormField()) { forwardURL = item.getString(); break; } } //处理文件上传 for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++) { FileItem item = (FileItem) items.get(i); //取消上传 if (getStatusBean(request).getCancel()) { deleteUploadedFile(request); break; } //保存文件 else if (!item.isFormField() && item.getName().length() > 0) { String fileName = takeOutFileName(item.getName()); File uploadedFile = new File(request.getRealPath(UPLOAD_DIR) + File.separator + fileName); item.write(uploadedFile); //更新上传文件列表 FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request); satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().add(fileName); saveStatusBean(request, satusBean); Thread.sleep(500); } } } catch (FileUploadException e) { uploadExceptionHandle(request, "上传文件时发生错误:" + e.getMessage()); } catch (Exception e) { uploadExceptionHandle(request, "保存上传文件时发生错误:" + e.getMessage()); } if (forwardURL.length() == 0) { forwardURL = DEFAULT_UPLOAD_FAILURE_URL; } request.getRequestDispatcher(forwardURL).forward(request, response); } /** * 回应上传状态查询 */ private void responseStatusQuery(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { response.setContentType("text/xml"); response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request); response.getWriter().write(satusBean.toJSon()); } /** * 处理取消文件上传 */ private void processCancelFileUpload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request); satusBean.setCancel(true); saveStatusBean(request, satusBean); responseStatusQuery(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request); if (isMultipart) { processFileUpload(request, response); } else { request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); if (request.getParameter("uploadStatus") != null) { responseStatusQuery(request, response); } if (request.getParameter("cancelUpload") != null) { processCancelFileUpload(request, response); } } } }
这是一个单例类,它的功能是为客户端保存文件上传状态,这里我没有使用Session来存储文件上传状态,因为对于AJAX这种异步调用,服务器会开启不同的Session,所以无法通过Session保存文件上传状态。 我并不认为这种方法最好,如果有更好的方法,欢迎大家一起讨论。 源代码如下:
/** * 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。 * 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。 * * 作者: 刘作晨 * EMail:liuzuochen@gmail.com */
package liuzuochen.sample.upload; /** * Title: 类控制器 * * Description: 主要作用是对FileUploadStatus进行管理,为客户端提供相应的 * FileUploadStatus类对象。这是一个单例类。 * */ import java.util.Vector; public class BeanControler { private static BeanControler beanControler = new BeanControler(); private Vector vector = new Vector(); private BeanControler() { } public static BeanControler getInstance() { return beanControler; } /** * 取得相应FileUploadStatus类对象的存储位置 */ private int indexOf(String strID) { int nReturn = -1; for (int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) { FileUploadStatus status = (FileUploadStatus) vector.elementAt(i); if (status.getUploadAddr().equals(strID)) { nReturn = i; break; } } return nReturn; } /** * 取得相应FileUploadStatus类对象 */ public FileUploadStatus getUploadStatus(String strID) { return (FileUploadStatus) vector.elementAt(indexOf(strID)); } /** * 存储FileUploadStatus类对象 */ public void setUploadStatus(FileUploadStatus status) { int nIndex = indexOf(status.getUploadAddr()); if ( -1 == nIndex) { vector.add(status); } else { vector.insertElementAt(status, nIndex); vector.removeElementAt(nIndex + 1); } } /** * 删除FileUploadStatus类对象 */ public void removeUploadStatus(String strID){ int nIndex = indexOf(strID); if(-1!=nIndex) vector.removeElementAt(nIndex); } }
客户端我们采用Prototype框架。请下载。
AjaxWrapper.js对Prototype进行了封装。请下载分析
fileUpload.html是文件上传界面。 请下载。
result.jsp是文件上传结果显示界面。 请下载
fileUpload.css是样式文件。 源代码如下:
body {
color:#000;
background-color:white;
font:15px Georgia, "Lucida Grande", Arial, sans-serif;
letter-spacing:0.01em;
margin:15px;
}
#controlPanel,#resultPanel{
width:700px;
margin:20px auto;
padding:25px;
border:3px solid gray;
-moz-border-radius:10px;
background:#f8f8f8;
}
#errorArea{
width:400px;
margin:20px auto;
padding:25px;
border:3px solid gray;
-moz-border-radius:10px;
background:red;
}
#normalMessageArea{
width:400px;
margin:20px auto;
padding:25px;
border:3px solid gray;
-moz-border-radius:10px;
background:yellow;
}
#progressBar { padding-top: 5px; }
#totalProgressBarBox {
width: 350px;
height: 20px;
border: 1px inset;
background: #eee;
}
#totalProgressBarBoxContent {
width: 0;
height: 20px;
border-right: 1px solid #444;
background: #9ACB34;
}
web.xml中完成Servlet的配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>AjaxPractice</display-name>
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>BackGroundService</display-name>
<servlet-name>BackGroundService</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>liuzuochen.sample.upload.BackGroundService</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>BackGroundService</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
整个程序到这里就介绍完了,希望它多少能为您的工作或学习带来点儿帮助。