Java中常用文本加解密工具类总结
作者：一线大码
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Java中常用的几种文本加解密工具类,包括AES对称加密、RSA非对称加密、哈希算法加密和Base64编解码,需要的可以参考下
1. AES 对称加解密
package com.example.demo.util;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Base64;
/**
* AES对称加密
*
* @author wangbo
* @date 2024/11/14
*/
public class AesUtil {
private AesUtil() {
}
/**
* 生成AES密钥
*
* @param password 加密密码
* @return 密钥
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 密钥生成算法不支持异常
*/
private static SecretKey generateAesKey(String password) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGenerator.init(128);
byte[] passwordBytes = password.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
byte[] keyBytes = digest.digest(passwordBytes);
return new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
}
/**
* 对称加密算法AES加密
*
* @param plaintext 待加密文本
* @param password 加密密码
* @return 加密后的密文
* @throws Exception 加密异常
*/
public static String encryptWithAes(String plaintext, String password) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
SecretKey secretKey = generateAesKey(password);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
byte[] encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(plaintext.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedBytes);
}
/**
* 对称加密算法AES解密
*
* @param ciphertext 加密后的密文
* @param password 加密密码
* @return 解密后的明文
* @throws Exception 解密异常
*/
public static String decryptWithAes(String ciphertext, String password) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
SecretKey secretKey = generateAesKey(password);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(ciphertext));
return new String(decryptedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// AES 对称加密示例
String plaintext = "Hello, world!";
String password = "secretPassword";
// AES 加密
String encryptWithAes = encryptWithAes(plaintext, password);
System.out.println("AES Encrypted: " + encryptWithAes);
// AES 解密
String decryptWithAes = decryptWithAes(encryptWithAes, password);
System.out.println("AES Decrypted: " + decryptWithAes);
}
}
2. RSA 非对称加解密
package com.example.demo.util;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
/**
* RSA非对称加密
*
* @author wangbo
* @date 2024/11/14
*/
public class RsaUtil {
private RsaUtil() {
}
/**
* 生成RSA密钥对
*
* @return 密钥对
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 密钥生成算法不支持异常
*/
public static KeyPair generateRsaKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048);
return keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
}
/**
* 获取RSA公钥的Base64编码字符串
*
* @return RSA公钥Base64编码字符串
*/
public static String getRsaPublicKeyString(PublicKey publicKey) {
KeyFactory keyFactory;
try {
keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
X509EncodedKeySpec publicKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey.getEncoded());
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyFactory.generatePublic(publicKeySpec).getEncoded());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 根据Base64编码的字符串还原为RSA公钥
*
* @param publicKeyString RSA公钥Base64编码字符串
* @return RSA公钥
*/
public static PublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKeyString) {
try {
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
X509EncodedKeySpec publicKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKeyString));
return keyFactory.generatePublic(publicKeySpec);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 获取RSA私钥的Base64编码字符串
*
* @return RSA私钥Base64编码字符串
*/
public static String getRsaPrivateKeyString(PrivateKey privateKey) {
KeyFactory keyFactory;
try {
keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec privateKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKey.getEncoded());
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyFactory.generatePrivate(privateKeySpec).getEncoded());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 根据Base64编码的字符串还原为RSA私钥
*
* @param privateKeyString RSA私钥Base64编码字符串
* @return RSA私钥
*/
public static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKeyString) {
try {
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec privateKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKeyString));
return keyFactory.generatePrivate(privateKeySpec);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 非对称加密算法RSA加密
*
* @param plaintext 明文
* @param publicKey 公钥
* @return 加密后的密文
* @throws Exception 加密异常
*/
public static String encryptWithRsa(String plaintext, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
byte[] encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(plaintext.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedBytes);
}
/**
* 非对称加密算法RSA解密
*
* @param ciphertext 密文
* @param privateKey 私钥
* @return 解密后的明文
* @throws Exception 解密异常
*/
public static String decryptWithRsa(String ciphertext, PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(ciphertext));
return new String(decryptedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//RSA非对称加密示例
String plaintext = "Hello, RSA!";
//生成RSA密钥对
KeyPair keyPair = generateRsaKeyPair();
//公钥字符串获取
String publicKeyString = getRsaPublicKeyString(keyPair.getPublic());
System.out.println("RSA publicKeyString: " + publicKeyString);
//公钥还原
PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(publicKeyString);
//私钥字符串获取
String privateKeyString = getRsaPrivateKeyString(keyPair.getPrivate());
System.out.println("RSA privateKeyString: " + privateKeyString);
//私钥还原
PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(privateKeyString);
// RSA公钥加密
String encryptedRSA = encryptWithRsa(plaintext, publicKey);
System.out.println("RSA Encrypted: " + encryptedRSA);
// RSA私钥解密
String decryptedRSA = decryptWithRsa(encryptedRSA, privateKey);
System.out.println("RSA Decrypted: " + decryptedRSA);
}
}
3. 哈希算法加密
package com.example.demo.util;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.util.DigestUtils;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
/**
* 哈希算法加密
*
* @author wangbo
* @date 2024/11/14
*/
@Slf4j
public class HashUtil {
private HashUtil() {
}
/**
* 哈希算法SHA-256
*
* @param plaintext 明文
* @return 哈希值
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 哈希算法不支持异常
*/
public static String hashWithSha256(String plaintext) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
byte[] hashBytes = digest.digest(plaintext.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return bytesToHex(hashBytes);
}
/**
* 将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串
*
* @param bytes 字节数组
* @return 十六进制字符串
*/
private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : bytes) {
String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & b);
if (hex.length() == 1) {
sb.append('0');
}
sb.append(hex);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* SHA密码加密
*
* @param sourceStr 源字符串
* @return 加密字符串
*/
public static String sha(String sourceStr) {
try {
MessageDigest sha = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA");
sha.update(sourceStr.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return new BigInteger(1, sha.digest()).toString(32);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
log.error("SHA字符串加密异常", e);
return null;
}
}
/**
* MD5密码加密
*
* @param sourceStr 源字符串
* @return 加密字符串
*/
public static String md5(String sourceStr) {
try {
MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
md5.update(sourceStr.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return new BigInteger(1, md5.digest()).toString(16);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
log.error("MD5字符串加密异常", e);
return null;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
String plaintext = "Hello Hash!";
String hashValue = hashWithSha256(plaintext);
System.out.println("SHA-256 Hash: " + hashValue);
String sha = sha(plaintext);
System.out.println("SHA: " + sha);
String md5 = md5(plaintext);
System.out.println("MD5: " + md5);
//spring的工具类进行MD5加密
String md5Spring = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(plaintext.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
System.out.println("MD5Spring: " + md5Spring);
//commons-codec的工具类进行MD5加密
String md5Commons = org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.md5Hex(plaintext);
System.out.println("MD5Commons: " + md5Commons);
}
}
如果使用 commons-codec 的工具类进行 MD5 加密，可能需要引入下面的依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>${commons.codec.version}</version>
</dependency>4. Base64 编解码
package com.example.demo.util;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
/**
* Base64
*
* @author wangbo
* @date 2024/11/14
*/
public class Base64Util {
private Base64Util() {
}
/**
* Base64 编码
*
* @param plainText 内容
* @return 十六进制字符串
*/
public static String encodeBase64(String plainText) {
byte[] plainBytes = plainText.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(plainBytes);
}
/**
* Base64 解码
*
* @param base64Text 十六进制字符串
* @return 内容
*/
public static String decodeBase64(String base64Text) {
byte[] base64Bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64Text);
return new String(base64Bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Base64 编码
String base64Text = Base64Util.encodeBase64("Hello Base64!");
System.out.println("Base64 Encoded: " + base64Text);
// Base64 解码
String decodedText = Base64Util.decodeBase64(base64Text);
System.out.println("Base64 Decoded: " + decodedText);
}
}
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