Solana开发学习笔记(一)——从Hello World出发

sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.solana.com/stable/install)"

downloading stable installer
  ✨ stable commit e9bef425 initialized
Adding export PATH="~/.local/share/solana/install/active_release/bin:$PATH" to ~/.profile
Adding export PATH="~/.local/share/solana/install/active_release/bin:$PATH" to ~/.bash_profile
Close and reopen your terminal to apply the PATH changes or run the following in your existing shell:
  export PATH="~/.local/share/solana/install/active_release/bin:$PATH"

solana --version
// solana-cli 1.7.18 (src:e9bef425; feat:140464022)

solana-install update

// 选择localhost集群
solana config set --url localhost
// 选择devnet集群
solana config set --url devnet

solana-keygen new

solana-keygen pubkey

solana balance

solana airdrop 2

example-helloworld
|
+-- src
|  |
|  +-- client
|  |  |
|  |  +-- hello_world.ts
|  |  |
|  |  +-- main.ts
|  |  |
|  |  +-- utils.ts
|  |
|  +-- program-rust
|  |  |
|  |  +-- src
|  |  |  |
|  |  |  +-- lib.rs
|  |  |
|  |  +-- tests
|  |  |  |
|  |  |  +-- lib.rs
|  |  |
|  |  +-- Cargo.toml
|  |  |
|  |  +-- Xargo.toml
|
+-- .gitignore
|
+-- package.json
|
+-- tsconfig.json

pub type ProgramResult = Result<(), ProgramError>;

use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    program_error::ProgramError,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
};

/// Define the type of state stored in accounts
#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
pub struct GreetingAccount {
    /// number of greetings
    pub counter: u32,
}

// Declare and export the program's entrypoint
entrypoint!(process_instruction);

// Program entrypoint's implementation
pub fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey, // Public key of the account the hello world program was loaded into
    accounts: &[AccountInfo], // The account to say hello to
    _instruction_data: &[u8], // Ignored, all helloworld instructions are hellos
) -> ProgramResult {
    msg!("Hello World Rust program entrypoint");

    // Iterating accounts is safer then indexing
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    // Get the account to say hello to
    let account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    // The account must be owned by the program in order to modify its data
    if account.owner != program_id {
        msg!("Greeted account does not have the correct program id");
        return Err(ProgramError::IncorrectProgramId);
    }

    // Increment and store the number of times the account has been greeted
    let mut greeting_account = GreetingAccount::try_from_slice(&account.data.borrow())?;
    greeting_account.counter += 1;
    greeting_account.serialize(&mut &mut account.data.borrow_mut()[..])?;

    msg!("Greeted {} time(s)!", greeting_account.counter);

    Ok(())
}

export async function establishConnection(): Promise<void> {
  const rpcUrl = await getRpcUrl();
  connection = new Connection(rpcUrl, 'confirmed');
  const version = await connection.getVersion();
  console.log('Connection to cluster established:', rpcUrl, version);
}

export async function establishPayer(): Promise<void> {
  let fees = 0;
  if (!payer) {
    const {feeCalculator} = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();

    // Calculate the cost to fund the greeter account
    fees += await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(GREETING_SIZE);

    // Calculate the cost of sending transactions
    fees += feeCalculator.lamportsPerSignature * 100; // wag

    try {
      // Get payer from cli config
      payer = await getPayer();
    } catch (err) {
      // Fund a new payer via airdrop
      payer = await newAccountWithLamports(connection, fees);
    }
  }

  const lamports = await connection.getBalance(payer.publicKey);
  if (lamports < fees) {
    // This should only happen when using cli config keypair
    const sig = await connection.requestAirdrop(
      payer.publicKey,
      fees - lamports,
    );
    await connection.confirmTransaction(sig);
  }

  console.log(
    'Using account',
    payer.publicKey.toBase58(),
    'containing',
    lamports / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
    'SOL to pay for fees',
  );
}

export async function checkProgram(): Promise<void> {
  // Read program id from keypair file
  try {
    const programKeypair = await createKeypairFromFile(PROGRAM_KEYPAIR_PATH);
    programId = programKeypair.publicKey;
  } catch (err) {
    const errMsg = (err as Error).message;
    throw new Error(
      `Failed to read program keypair at '${PROGRAM_KEYPAIR_PATH}' due to error: ${errMsg}.`,
    );
  }

  // Check if the program has been deployed
  const programInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(programId);
  if (programInfo === null) {
    if (fs.existsSync(PROGRAM_SO_PATH)) {
      throw new Error(
        'Program needs to be deployed with `solana program deploy dist/program/helloworld.so`',
      );
    } else {
      throw new Error('Program needs to be built and deployed');
    }
  } else if (!programInfo.executable) {
    throw new Error(`Program is not executable`);
  }
  console.log(`Using program ${programId.toBase58()}`);

  // Derive the address (public key) of a greeting account from the program so that it's easy to find later.
  const GREETING_SEED = 'hello';
  greetedPubkey = await PublicKey.createWithSeed(
    payer.publicKey,
    GREETING_SEED,
    programId,
  );

  // Check if the greeting account has already been created
  const greetedAccount = await connection.getAccountInfo(greetedPubkey);
  if (greetedAccount === null) {
    console.log(
      'Creating account',
      greetedPubkey.toBase58(),
      'to say hello to',
    );
    const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
      GREETING_SIZE,
    );

    const transaction = new Transaction().add(
      SystemProgram.createAccountWithSeed({
        fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
        basePubkey: payer.publicKey,
        seed: GREETING_SEED,
        newAccountPubkey: greetedPubkey,
        lamports,
        space: GREETING_SIZE,
        programId,
      }),
    );
    await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [payer]);
  }
}

export async function sayHello(): Promise<void> {
  console.log('Saying hello to', greetedPubkey.toBase58());
  const instruction = new TransactionInstruction({
    keys: [{pubkey: greetedPubkey, isSigner: false, isWritable: true}],
    programId,
    data: Buffer.alloc(0), // All instructions are hellos
  });
  await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
    connection,
    new Transaction().add(instruction),
    [payer],
  );
}

export async function reportGreetings(): Promise<void> {
  const accountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(greetedPubkey);
  if (accountInfo === null) {
    throw 'Error: cannot find the greeted account';
  }
  const greeting = borsh.deserialize(
    GreetingSchema,
    GreetingAccount,
    accountInfo.data,
  );
  console.log(
    greetedPubkey.toBase58(),
    'has been greeted',
    greeting.counter,
    'time(s)',
  );
}

git clone https://github.com/solana-labs/example-helloworld.git
cd example-helloworld

cd src/program-rust/
cargo build-bpf

solana config set --url localhost

Config File: ~/.config/solana/cli/config.yml
RPC URL: http://localhost:8899
WebSocket URL: ws://localhost:8900/ (computed)
Keypair Path: ~/.config/solana/id.json
Commitment: confirmed

solana-test-validator

Ledger location: test-ledger
Log: test-ledger/validator.log
Identity: A4HuRgmABNCe94epY2mU7q6WqEHCo2B9iBFE5Yphiw5u
Genesis Hash: 96TF9n1uuyFv4rAKECffA61jLrgYjMjNRZ3hJpP6HSr7
Version: 1.7.18
Shred Version: 13390
Gossip Address: 127.0.0.1:1024
TPU Address: 127.0.0.1:1027
JSON RPC URL: http://127.0.0.1:8899
⠉ 00:00:42 | Processed Slot: 45430 | Confirmed Slot: 45430 | Finalized Slot: 45398 | Snapshot Slot: 45300 | Transactions: 45452 | ◎499.772930000

solana program deploy target/deploy/helloworld.so

// Program Id: 6AArMEBpFhhtU2mBnEMEPeEH7xkhfUwPseUeG4fhLYto

npm install

npm run start

> helloworld@0.0.1 start
> ts-node src/client/main.ts

Let's say hello to a Solana account...
Connection to cluster established: http://localhost:8899 { 'feature-set': 3179062686, 'solana-core': '1.6.23' }
Using account 4xRm2FYmRB8WdxJk6nXicVMgsPnsxChEnpQwFDGwdcSS containing 499999999.93435186 SOL to pay for fees
Using program 6AArMEBpFhhtU2mBnEMEPeEH7xkhfUwPseUeG4fhLYto
Creating account Eq7bcsg5p6AaYiPnfiia99ESsuq4B4jYpVbWZhQ94Zvy to say hello to
Saying hello to Eq7bcsg5p6AaYiPnfiia99ESsuq4B4jYpVbWZhQ94Zvy
Eq7bcsg5p6AaYiPnfiia99ESsuq4B4jYpVbWZhQ94Zvy has been greeted 1 time(s)
Success

solana logs

<img src="https://learnblockchain.cn/css/default/copy.svg" /><code>Transaction executed in slot 5621:
Signature: 4pya5iyvNfAZj9sVWHzByrxdKB84uA5sCxLceBwr9UyuETX2QwnKg56MgBKWSM4breVRzHmpb1EZQXFPPmJnEtsJ
Status: Error processing Instruction 0: Program failed to complete
Log Messages:
  Program G5bbS1ipWzqQhekkiCLn6u7Y1jJdnGK85ceSYLx2kKbA invoke [1]
  Program log: Hello World Rust program entrypoint
  Program G5bbS1ipWzqQhekkiCLn6u7Y1jJdnGK85ceSYLx2kKbA consumed 200000 of 200000 compute units
  Program failed to complete: exceeded maximum number of instructions allowed (200000) at instruction #334
  Program G5bbS1ipWzqQhekkiCLn6u7Y1jJdnGK85ceSYLx2kKbA failed: Program failed to complete